Paulina Gonez
Cristina Santiago
Jessie Vargas
A group of organs that work together to
make, store, and release urine.
 Consists of the kidneys, ureters,
bladder, & urethra
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Kidneys:
 produce urine to get rid of the waste
inside the body and excreting it, they
also regulate water amounts within the
body.
 Produce renin & erythropoietin
 Ureter, blood vessels, & nerves enter
through hilum.
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Parts of Kidney:
Renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal pelvis
Kidney → nephron → glomerulus &
associated tubule
Nephron is the smallest branch in the kidney
that aids in removing wastes and excess
water from blood.
Nephron →Bowman’s capsule →proximal
tubule →loop of henle →distal tubule
→collecting duct
Ureter:
 tube that carries urine from the kidneys
to the bladder.
 The uretrer end that is inside the kidney
has a funnel-shaped expansion, the
renal pelvis, that receives all the
urine produced & carries it to the
bladder.
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Bladder:
 stores and releases urine
 There are several blood vessels in the
bladder: vesical arteries, the obturator,
uterine, gluteal arteries, and even renal
veins.
 The sphincter muscle controls when
urine excretes
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Urethra:
 the tube attached to the bladder, that
carries the urine out of the body.
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III. How We Create Urine
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STEPS:
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Blood is pumped into the
kidneys
all vital fluids are reabsorbed
into the bloodstream
Toxins are secreted into the
urinary tract
secreted out of the body as
urine when mixed with water
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Renal artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobar artery
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerular capillary
Efferent arteriole
Vasa racta and peritubular
capillary
Interlobular vein
Arcuate vein
Interlobar vein
Renal vein
This is the pathway of blood
through the blood vessels of
the kidney and nephron
Structures Involved
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Within the urinary
system a few key
structures are
involved
 glandular kidneys
 ureters
 bladder
 urethra
Transportation of Urine
Urine travels along the urinary
tract, to the urinary bladder
 While leaving the bladder,
urine passes through the
urethra
Together the bladder and the
urethra eliminate urine, which
is a process known as
urination or micturition.

Transportation of Urine cont…
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During micturition, the
muscles within the urinary
bladder contract and urine
is forced out of the body
through the urethra
Important fluids are
absorbed from the filtrate
during this process
Filtration
Occurs in the kidneys
 Glomerular filtration
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Bowman’s capsule
○ separates the blood into a cleaned blood product and a filtrate
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filtrate travels along the nephron
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concentrated into urine
Absorption
• Useful solutes are removed from the filtrate and they are returned to the
blood
Secretion
• Water is removed from the urine and is returned to the blood
Filtration cont…
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The glomerular filtration
rate is proportional to the
filtration pressure
Each kidney contains
around 64 square ft of
filtration surface, resulting
in a filtration rate of an
incredible 125ml per
minute
Regulation
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Regulation of urine volume
 Control of Na excretion
○ Na+ excreted = filtered Na+ – Na reabsorbed
○ Filtration rate controlled by arterial pressure
○ Decrease in Na+ =increase of renin = Na+
reabsorption
 Regulation of water
○ Hypothalamus osmoreceptors regulate
osmotic concentration
 Regulation of K+
○ Increase of Na+ decreases K+
○ Increased K+ stimulates aldosterone
Urine
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Urine: Fluid waste
excreted by kidneys
Consist of:
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Ions
Organic material
Water
Urea
Function: get rid of
toxins
 Color, odor, and
consistency
Urine
Renal Clearance: Measurement used to
analyze the activity of the kidney
Concentration of substance in plasma
 Rate of urine formation
 Concentration of substance in urine
 Plasma cleared of substance per minute
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Micrition
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Micrition: Basic process of urination
Consist of :
 Kidneys
 Bladder
 Urethra
 Autonomic and somatic nervous systems
Mictrition
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Process:
 Urethral sphincter remains tense
 Voluntary signal sent to brain
 Bladder muscles contract
 Bladder emptied through urethra
Works Cited
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http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3
http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000136&ptid=17
http://www.innerbody.com/image_card08/card65-new.html
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-bowmans-capsule.htm
Freudenrich, Craig, Dr. "HowStuffWorks "Inside a Kidney"" HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, n.d.
Web. 05 May 2014. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/kidneyurinary/kidney1.htm>.
Helmenstein, Anne M., Dr. "What Is the Chemical Composition of Urine?" About.com. About.com, n.d.
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"Human Physiology/The Urinary System." - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. N.p., 26 Nov.
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"Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume - Boundless Open Textbook." Boundless. Boundless,
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<http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/anatomy-and-physiology/the-urinary-system/regulation-of-urineconcentration>.
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Medicine, n.d. Web. 05 May 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/urineandurination.html>.
Watson, Stephanie. "The Truth About Urine." WebMD. WebMD Feature, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.