Chapter 16
Imperialism
What is Imperialism?
• Policy
of empire
Analyze
the
political cartoon
building
•
1. Identify the
character in the
cartoon and what it
One country
represents.
dominating
2. Explain any the
symbols
usedeconomic
in the
political,
and
cartoon.
social
lifethe
of another
3. Describe
message
of the
country
cartoon.
4. Evaluate the
message of the
cartoon.
Forms of Imperialism
• Colonies
– A settlement of people outside their homeland linked
with the parent country by trade and direct
government control
• Protectorate
– A country whose policies are guided by a foreign
nation
• Sphere of Influence
– Area in a country where a foreign power has exclusive
rights to trade and invest
Countries gained territory through
treaty, purchase, or military conquest.
Goals of Imperialism
• Be a political rival
– Be competitive
• Desire for new markets
– Acquire raw materials
– Acquire markets to sell products
• Opportunity for a better life
– Need loyal citizens to enforce colonial policies
– Gained land, jobs, money
• Christianizing
– Set up missions
– Built churches, schools, hospitals
• Civilizing
– European culture was superior
– It is the duty of the White man to civilize the heathens
Main Imperialist Targets
• Africa
– South Africa
– Congo
• Asia
– India
– China
• Latin America
– Panama
– Mexico
– Cuba
Imperialism
in Africa
Section 16.2
David Livingstone
•
•
•
•
Scottish Doctor and Missionary
In 1840 traveled to Africa
Spent 30 years exploring interior of Africa
He set up Christian missions and sent reports
back to Great Britain of discoveries
• Significance- Reports of Africa’s abundance of
resources led ambitious imperialist nations to
claim portions for colonization
See Map on Page 486
• What were the only two nations in Africa to
remain independent of European
imperialism?
• Which two European countries had the most
territory in Africa?
The Afrikaners
•
•
•
•
•
Original Dutch settlers in Southern Africa
Moved north after British colonization began
This
is
Fought conflicts with neighboring Zulu nation
known
as
British intervention
ends conflict
Zulu
Establishment the
of Union
of South Africa
– A new constitution
made it almost impossible for
Wars
nonwhites to vote.
Belgians in the Congo
• Belgium given authority to guide foreign
affairs in the Congo
• King Leopold II abused his power
– Used the Congo for his own personal gain
– Took advantage of native labor to harvest ivory,
rubber and petroleum
– Forced natives to adopt western religion and ways
• Thousands of Africans were killed and
mistreated if they did not meet quotas
Suez Canal
• Construction began in 1859 by the French to
connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Red
Sea
• Opening in 1869, the canal provided a short
cut for commerce between Europe and Asia
• Great Britain gained control of the canal in
1875 by purchasing Egypt’s debt for the canal.
• For most of its time operating, the canal has
been open to all countries to use.
Effects of Imperialism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Using your list
“Effects of
More job opportunities
Imperialism”, note
Workers paid low wages
how each effect is a
Workers paid high taxes
positive and a
negative.
Families broken up
Decline of some native traditions
Spread of Christianity
Opportunity for western-style education
Increased nationalism and push for self-rule
Imperialism in Asia
See worksheet 16.3
Imperialism in the Americas
Notes Section 16.4
The Monroe Doctrine
• Written by U.S. President James Monroe in 1823
• It established the US Foreign Policy
• Warned European Nations to stay out of the Western
Hemisphere
• Attempts to colonize would be seen as an act of war
World Response to Monroe Doctrine
• Great Britain- Supports it
– They want to maintain established trade routes
• Spain- Opposed it
– they want their colonies back
• Latin America- Opposed it
– Most saw American actions as moves to turn their
countries into “colonies” to protect US business
interests there
US Imperialism in Latin America
• Mexican War of 1846
Role- US sent troops to
protect US settlers in
Texas who were tired of
the corrupt Mexican
government
They wanted to form an
independent nation
Significance- It ended
Mexican control of Texas
and US gained ½ of
Mexico’s territory
US Imperialism in Latin America
• British Guiana 1895
Role-acting as arbitrator
between Great Britain
and Venezuela
(arbitration- process of
settling a dispute by
submitting it to an
impartial third party)
Significance- Used the
Monroe Doctrine to
warn Britain to accept
US arbitration
US Imperialism in Latin America
• Spanish American War of
1898
Role- US ordered the USS
Maine into Cuba’s Havana
Harbor to demonstrate US
interests.
The US declared war on Spain
after the ship explodes.
Significance- Spain loses the
last of its colonies in the
Western Hemisphere
US Imperialism in Latin America
• Panama 1903
Role-US wants to build a
canal connecting Atlantic
and Pacific Oceans
Significance-US Navy aided
Panama in gaining
independence from
Colombia after
arbitration efforts fail
US Imperialism in Latin America
• Mexican Revolution of
1911
Role- US supports
Venustiano Carranza as
president because he is
less radical than others
who wanted to reform
Mexico
Significance- US is allowed
to enter Mexico and try
to capture Pancho Villa
Analyze Political Cartoons