The axial skeleton contains approximately
__ bones, which include bones of
the ___?
1. 126/pelvic girdle and limb bones
2. 80/skull, vertebral column, and thoracic
cage
3. 80/pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
4. 2 and 3
Bones of the axial skeleton have all of the
following functions except _____?
1. Protect brain and spinal cord
2. Provide surface area for attachment of
respiratory muscles
3. Contain medullary cavities with yellow bone
marrow
4. Protect organs of the ventral body cavity
In which bone is the foramen magnum located?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sphenoid
Occipital bone
Ethmoid
Parietal bone
Tomás suffers a blow to the skull that fractures
the right superior lateral surface of his cranium.
Which bone is fractured?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Frontal bone
Right temporal bone
Right parietal bone
Ethmoid
Which bone contains the depression called the
sella turcica? What is located in this
depression?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sphenoid bone; pituitary gland
Ethmoid; olfactory epithelium
Temporal bone; inner ear
Lacrimal bone; tear apparatus
Which of these bones are paired bones of
the face?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Temporal bones
Inferior nasal conchae
Parietal bones
1 and 3
Which suture is not paired with the bones
it separates?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lambdoidal/occipital and parietal bones
Squamous/temporal bone and sphenoid bone
Coronal/frontal from two parietal bones
Sagittal/parietal bones
Which bone contains the mental foramen
and what structures use that
passageway?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Parietal/none
Occipital/hypoglossal nerves
Temporal/internal carotid artery
Mandible/mental nerves
The sphenoid bone contains all of the
following openings except?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Optic canals
Superior orbital fissures
External auditory meatus
Foramen ovale
The significance of the petrous part of the
temporal bone is that it serves as ___?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The housing for the auditory ossicles
A passageway for the jugular vein
Sites of attachment for muscles that move the
mandible
The housing for the temporal sinuses
Several openings occur within the temporal bone
for the passage of structures. Which of the
following is correct?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Foramen magnum/medulla oblongata and hypoglossal
canals/hypoglossal nerves
Hypoglossal canals/hypoglossal nerve and jugular
foramen/glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory
nerves
Foramen lacerum/small arteries and jugular
foramen/jugular vein
Carotid canal/internal carotid artery and stylomastoid
foramen/facial nerve
Which of the nasal conchae are part of the
ethmoid bone?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
Lateral and medial nasal conchae
Superior and middle nasal conchae
None of these is correct
Paranasal sinuses serve what purposes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lightening the skull bones and providing an extensive
area of mucous epithelium
Pulling mucus back toward the throat
Providing the superior and posterior boundary of the
nasal complex
Providing the lateral and inferior boundaries of the
orbital complex
Which of these bones form parts of the
orbital complex and also contain
paranasal sinuses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sphenoid, frontal, maxillary and lacrimal bones
Zygomatic, lacrimal, frontal and palatine bones
Palatine, temporal, ethmoid and zygomatic bones
Maxillary, sphenoid, frontal, and ethmoid bones
Which fontanelles disappear within a month or
two after birth?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Occipital, sphenoid, and mastoid
Metopic, frontal, and sagittal
Anterior, parietal, and occipital
Sphenoid, lambdoid, and mastoid
What is a consequence of early closure of one
or more sutures?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Distorted skull shape
Brain stops growing
Early death
Parents cannot see if their infant is dehydrated
Secondary curves of the spine are also called
______? The cervical curve ____ and the
lumbar curve ______?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Accommodation curves/is present at
birth/accommodates abdominal viscera
Compensation curves/helps balance weight of
head/balances weight over lower limbs
Compensation curves/decreases
flexibility/allows for development of larger
vertebrae
None of these is correct
Which structures form the vertebral arch of
vertebrae?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Superior and inferior articular processes
Pedicles and laminae
Transverse and spinous processes
Vertebral bodies and transverse foramina
When you run your finger along a person’s spine,
what part of the vertebrae are you feeling just
beneath the skin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Superior articular processes
Pedicles
Transverse processes
Spinous processes
Why does the vertebral column of an adult
have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vertebrae are absorbed as adult stature is
reached.
Newborns require more support in the cervical
region.
The sacrum and coccyx fuse post-puberty.
Vertebrae are formed that later become ribs.
Joe suffered a hairline fracture at the base of
the dens. Which bone is fractured, and where is
it located?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Second cervical vertebra; posterior neck
First cervical vertebra; posterior neck
Occipital bone; posterior base of skull
Sacrum; posterior pelvis
What feature distinguishes cervical vertebrae 2–6
from a thoracic or lumbar vertebra?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bifid spinous processes
Spinous processes point inferiorly
Transverse foramina
1 and 3 are correct.
Why are the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae so
large?
1. They develop first and therefore have
longer to grow.
2. To provide more flexibility.
3. To distribute weight over a larger area.
4. To provide greater protection to the
lumbar spinal nerves.
How could you distinguish between true ribs
and false ribs?
1. True ribs attach directly to the sternum by
their own costal cartilage.
2. True ribs are entirely bony.
3. False ribs are not part of the thoracic
cage.
4. True ribs are attached only to the
sternum.
Improper administration of cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) can result in a fracture of
which bone(s)?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cervical vertebra and ribs
Thoracic vertebra and ribs
Sternum and thoracic vertebra
Sternum and ribs
What are the main differences between
vertebrosternal and vertebrochondral ribs?
1. Vertebrosternal ribs attach to the sternum
by their own costal cartilages.
2. Vertebrochondral ribs’ costal cartilage
fuse and merge with cartilages from rib 7
3. Vertebrosternal ribs increase in curvature
and length from 1–7.
4. All of the above are true.