Leader: Cody
Course: AN S 214
Digestive & Respiratory Systems
Instructor: Dr. Selsby
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Date: 9/14/11
1. Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
a. Salivary glands
b. Teeth
c. Tongue
d. Intestines
Practice Exam 1
2. The major site for nutrient absorption is the _____.
a. Mouth
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Stomach
3. Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins.
a. True
b. False
4. Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?
a. The stomach mechanically digests food.
b. The stomach chemically digests carbohydrates.
c. The stomach serves as a temporary holding area for ingested food.
d. The stomach produces intrinsic factor.
5. The phases of gastric secretion from first to last are:
a. Gastric phase, cephalic phase, intestinal phase.
b. Intestinal phase, gastric phase cephalic phase.
c. Cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase.
d. Cephalic phase, intestinal phase, gastric phase.
6. The increased concentration of HCO3- in blood draining from the stomach is called ______.
a. Bicarbonate loading.
b. The alkaline tide.
c. The chloride shift.
d. The enterogastric reflex
7. The _______ is the first segment of the small intestine.
a. Ileum
b. Duodenum
c. Ilium
d. Jejunum
8. Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the ______
of the small intestine.
a. Villi
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b. Microvilli
c. Circular folds
d. Goblet cells
9. Bile is stored and concentrated in the ______.
a. Gallbladder
b. Stomach
c. Liver
d. Pancreas
10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the liver?
a. It has a role in detoxifying the blood.
b. It stores glucose.
c. It has 3 lobes.
d. It is highly regenerative.
11. ______ is not found in pancreatic secretions.
a. Bicarbonate
b. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
c. Procarboxypeptidase
d. Chymotrypsinogen
12. Most water is absorbed in the ________.
a. Small intestine
b. Liver
c. Stomach
d. Large intestine
13. Pepsin enzymatically digests _____.
a. Fat
b. Protein
c. Carbohydrate
d. Nucleic acids
14. In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in
the:
a. Duodenum
b. Pancreas
c. Stomach
d. Gallbladder
15. During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation:
a. Hormones reduce chief cell activity.
b. Secretin causes more HCl release.
c. The gastroeneteric reflex reduces stomach activity.
d. The stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited.
16. What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach?
a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Nucleic acids
17. The propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus is called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Segmentation
Peristalsis
Ingestion
Swallowing
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?
a. It has villi.
b. It provides no absorptive function.
c. It contains a large amount of bacteria.
d. It is longer than the small intestine.
19. Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?
a. Gastrin
b. Secretin
c. Histamine
d. CCK
20. What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi?
a. Greater absorption of nutrients would occur.
b. Decreased surface area for absorption would cause weight loss to occur.
c. A duodenal ulcer
d. The large intestine would take over as the primary absorptive site.
21. Which of the following products does the stomach produce?
a. Bile and trypsin
b. HCl and intrinsic factor
c. Pepsinogen and secretin
d. Mucous and amylase
22. The final product of carbohydrate digestion is:
a. Glycogen
b. Polysaccharides
c. Monosaccharide’s
d. Disaccharides
23. Which of the following cells produce HCl?
a. Parietal cells
b. G cells
c. Chief cells
d. Enteroendocrine cells
24. Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?
a. G cells
b. Enteroendocrine cells
c. Parietal cells
d. Chief cells
25. ______________ is the major means of propulsion in the digestive system.
a. Peristalsis
b. Ingestion
c. Defecation
d. Mechanical digestion
26. The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
The sympathetic system.
The parasympathetic system.
Higher brain centers.
The enteric plexus.
27. The _________ phase of gastric secretion is considered a conditioned reflex.
a. Intestinal
b. Cephalic
c. Esophageal
d. Gastric
28. Air moves into the lungs because:
a. The volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.
b. Contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity.
c. The gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the
diaphragm contracts.
d. The thorax is muscular.
29. Alveolar ventilation rate is:
a. The utilization rate of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.
b. Movement of dissolved gases from the blood into the alveoli.
c. The movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
d. The movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
30. In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is
a. Much higher than PO2 of arterial blood.
b. Lower than the PO2 of the venous blood.
c. About 104 mmHg.
d. Equal to that in the tissues.
31. Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:
a. Bound to hemoglobin.
b. Dissolved in plasma.
c. Converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
d. Carrie by the white blood cells.
32. Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest?
a. Expiratory reserve volume
b. Vital capacity
c. Tidal volume
d. Inspiratory volume
33. Approximately 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as:
a. Hydrogen ions
b. Dissolved gas in the plasma
c. Carbaminohemoglobin
d. Oxyhemoglobin
34. Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?
a. Warming of air
b. Transport of air
c. Cleansing of air
d. Gas exchange
35. The arrival of chyme containing a mixture of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into the
duodenum over a period of time would cause:
a. an increase in secretin release from the duodenum.
b. diminished gallbladder contractions.
c. a decrease in bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas.
d. a parasympathetic reflex which would promote gastric contractions.
36. Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead
space.
a. True
b. False
37. All of the following are steps of the rumination cycle EXCEPT:
a. Regurgitation
b. Eructation
c. Redeglutition
d. Reinsalivation
e. Remastication
38. During the gastric phase ingested food stimulates:
a. a reflex in the myenteric plexus
b. a reflex mediated via the vagus nerves and brainstem
c. an increase in the pH of the stomach contents
d. all of the above
39. The liver secretes 1,000 mL of bile per day into the duodenum.
a. True
b. False
40. The functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. secretion of albumin, clotting factors, and other plasma proteins.
b. storing glucose as glycogen.
c. producing vitamins A, C and K.
d. degrading toxins and drugs from the blood.
41. All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower
EXCEPT:
a. lower pH
b. rising body temperature
c. lower pO2 in tissues
d. elevated BPG levels
e. lower carbon dioxide concentrations
42. Sympathetic stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract will increase peristalsis and gastric
secretions.
a. True
b. False
43. Monogastric salivary glands produce all of the following EXCEPT:
a. mucin
b. salivary pepsin
c. saliva
d. Bicarbonate
e. salivary amylase
44. Which of the following is not found in the lungs?
a. Surfactant
b. Renin
c. Macrophages
d. Alveoli
45. Which of the following does not occur within the large intestine?
a. synthesis of vitamin K
b. absorption of water and electrolytes
c. secretion of mucus
d. digestion of cellulose by digestive enzymes
46. All of the following are functions of cholecystokinin (CCK) EXCEPT:
a. stimulates gallbladder contraction
b. promotes secretion of pancreatic enzymes
c. increases gastric HCl production
d. induces the movement of bile into common bile duct
e. causes hepatopancreatic sphincter to relax
47. Which of the following is a satiety-stimulating compound produced in the brain?
a. Ghrelin
b. NPY
c. POMC
d. AgRP
48. Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?
a. salivary glands
b. liver
c. pancreas
d. stomach
49. When the salivatory nuclei in the brainstem receive neural input from touch and taste
receptors in the mouth, salivation is increased.
a. True
b. False
50. Parietal cells use the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to form the H+ ions in the hydrochloric
acid that they secrete.
a. True
b. False
51. An animal with lesions in this center of the brain will overeat and develop obesity.
a. medulla
b. pons
c. lateral hypothalamus
d. ventro-medial hypothalamus
52. Gut fill is affected by all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. Pelleting
b. caloric density of the feed
c. plant tissue lignifications
d. type of CHO ingested
e. grinding
ESSAY TOPICS
Below are sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual
exam. Use key words and topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to draw
any diagrams required. Note: Most of these questions can most easily be answered with a schematic
representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn elements. In other words: if it
helps – DRAW A PICTURE.
GI
1.
Describe the process involved in the formation of HCl in the stomach.
2. Trace a piece of steak from its entry in the esophagus, to its absorption in the small intestine.
Be able to do the same for a piece of lard, or a cracker.
3. Describe the hormonal controls involved in secretion. Include a discussion of bile salt
production/excretion in your answer.
4. Compare and contrast the digestive tracts of foregut and hindgut fermenters.
5. Describe the process of rumination. Trace food/feed from the mouth to the abomasum.
Include the rumination cycle.
1) plant matter enters the mouth, where it is first broken down by mechanical chewing
2) it travels down the esophagus into the rumen-reticulum where microbes ferment feed and break it
down into VFA’s.
4) Regurgitation is initiated by the reticulum.
5) The food is remasticated and reinsalvated
6) Redeglutition follows and food passes through the fore stomach to the omasum
7) Feed is ground to reduce particle size. Water and some digestive products are absorbed by folds of
tissue
8) enters the abomasum, or “true stomach” where plant matter is broken down into its most basic
components by HCl, pepsinogen, and renin.
Appetite Control
1. Describe hormonal regulation of hunger and satiety.
2. Discuss factors involved in intake control of animals (non-hormonal).
Respiratory
1. Trace the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body, explaining the partial
pressure shifts.
1) List and define the 3 laws of gas exchange and explain the application of each in respiration.
2) Describe the factors the regulate breathing. Include parts that stimulate or inhibit breathing.