The Nation Grows and
Prospers
U.S. History
Chapter 11
Industrial Revolution Begins
► Industrial
Revolution was a
long, slow process
that completely
changed the way in
which goods were
produced.
► Began in Britain in
mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution Begins
►This
industrialism
depended on the
development of
the factory
system
Factory System
►System
brought
workers and
machinery together
to produce goods
►Lowell, Mass.: model
factory town,
workers lived in
clean, decent
housing
Factory System
► “Lowell
girl”: worked
in factory but
returned home to
marry
► Workers, primarily
women and
children, worked
long hours: 12
hours/day, 6
days/week
American Industry
► Congress
helped
industry after the War
of 1812 by establishing
the second Bank of the
United States
► Congress also
protected
manufacturers by
raising tariffs on
imported goods
Urbanization
►Industrial
Revolution
led to increased U.S.
urbanization
►Population moved
from the rural
farming areas to the
cities
Urbanization
►New
York City
became the city
with the largest
population in 1840
Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
►Led
to greater
U.S. economic
development
►Urbanization of
the U.S.
Traveling West
► Private
companies
built turnpikes to
improve America’s
roads in early 1800s
► Tolls collected from
travelers on the
turnpikes
► Improved roads
were set on a bed
of gravel
Traveling West
► Mohawk
Road
followed Erie Canal
► National Road
extended from
Maryland into Illinois
► Wilderness Road,
established by Daniel
Boone, reached the
Ohio River
Traveling West
►Development
of
canals allowed
western farmers
to ship goods
directly to eastern
cities.
Era of Good Feelings
► President
James
Monroe helped create
a new sense of
national unity.
► Federalist
Party
disappeared by 1820.
Monroe ran for a 2nd
term unopposed.
Sectionalism
►Loyalty
to one’s
state or section
rather than to the
nation as a
whole.
►Made national
unity more
difficult
Henry Clay
►Spoke
for the West
►Wanted
to
promote economic
growth for all
sections: American
System
Henry Clay
►American
System
failed: Congress
refused to fund
new roads,
bridges, and
canals.
►Unintentionally
furthered growth
of sectionalism
John C. Calhoun
►Spoke
for the
South
►As a southerner,
he supported
slavery
Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
►Improved
roads
leading to
western growth
of the nation
►Sectionalism
beginning to
threaten national
unity
Supreme Court Expands
► McCulloch
v. Maryland
(1819)
► Court ruled that states
had no power to
control federal
institutions within
their borders.
► Strengthened federal
power
Supreme Court Expands
► Gibbons
v. Ogden
(1824)
► Only federal
government has the
power to regulate
interstate
commerce, or trade
between states
Supreme Court Expands
► Gibbons
v. Ogden
(1824)
► Court ruled that
that a state could
regulate trade only
within its own
borders.
New Nations in the Americas
► Creole:
People born
to Spanish parents
in Latin America
► Creoles demanded a
role in government
► Opposition to Spain
was growing
Revolution in Latin America
►Spanish
colonies
had to win
independence
through
revolution
►Led to rise of
Latin American
nations
Revolution in Latin America
►Simon
Bolivar:
best known
revolutionary
leader, The
Liberator
►Led successful
independence
movements in
South America
Spain Gives Up Florida
►Spain
agreed to
sell Florida to the
U.S. for $5 million
►Spain busy fighting
rebels in South
America
►Adams-Onis
Treaty: 1821
Monroe Doctrine
►Americans
feared
that Spain would
try to regain its
colonies in Latin
America
Monroe Doctrine
►President
Monroe’s
foreign policy
statement to
protect Latin
American republics
from European
attack
Monroe Doctrine
►Declared
that the
U.S. would not
interfere in the
affairs of European
nations or existing
colonies of European
nations
Monroe Doctrine
►Warned
European
nations not to
attempt to regain
control of the newly
independent nations
of Latin America
Monroe Doctrine
►United
States was
determined to
keep European
powers out of the
Western
Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
►U.S.
successfully
challenged
European
intervention, or
direct
involvement, in
Latin America.
Can you answer these questions?
►If
not,
look back
over this
review!
Review
►Who
is someone
born in Latin
America to
Spanish parents?
►Lowell
girl
►Capitalist
►creole
Review
►What
is direct
involvement by
one nation in the
affairs of
another?
►Urbanization
►Sectionalism
►Intervention
Review
►What
was an
►Much money was
unintended result
spent on
of Henry Clay’s
transportation
American system? ►Further growth of
sectionalism
►High tariffs
Review
►Who
was
►Capitalist
someone who
►Lowell girl
worked in the
►Creole
mills and returned
home to marry?
Review
►What
is loyalty to
one’s state or
region?
►Urbanization
►Sectionalism
►Intervention
Review
►How
did Congress
help American
industry after the
War of 1812?
► It
closed the first
Bank of the United
States
► It established the
second Bank of the
United States
► It lowered tariffs
Review
►How
did the
United States
gain Florida from
Spain?
► U.S.
bought Florida
for $5 million
► U.S. won Florida
after a lengthy
battle with Spain
► Spain gave up
Florida as a result
of the Monroe
Doctrine
Review
►Why
was Lowell,
Mass. Called a
model factory
town?
► Factory
owners
shortened the
employees’ work
day
► Factories employed
young children
► Workers lived in
clean, decent
housing
Review
► What
is one way
Americans improved
their roads in the
early 1800s?
► Private
companies
built turnpikes
► Private companies
put up funds for the
National Road
► During the War of
1812, the army built
the National Road
Review
►Why
was Simon
Bolivar known as
“The Liberator?”
► He
led independence
movements in South
America
► He led a revolt freeing
Texas from Mexican
rule
► He persuaded Spain
to free its Latin
American colonies
Review
►Which
of the
following
describes the
Industrial
Revolution?
► Depended
on the
development of the
factory system
► Occurred after
years of planning in
U.S. in 1700s
► Was quick, violent
and produced few
results
Review
►How
did private
companies
finance
turnpikes?
► Campaigned
for
donations from
people
► Borrowed money
from states where
turnpikes crossed
► Collected tolls from
travelers
Review
►Which
of the
following led to
the creation of
the Monroe
Doctrine?
► U.S.
wanted to control
Latin America
► U.S. feared Spain
would try to regain its
colonies in Latin
America
► U.S. feared Britain
would try to take over
its original colonies.
Review
►Which
is the
► Federal
govt. cannot
tax state institutions
BEST
interpretation of ► States can nullify
federal laws they think
Supreme Court
are
unconstitutional
decision,
► States have no power
McCullough v.
to control federal
Maryland?
institutions within their
borders
Review
►What
BEST
describes daily
life in a factory in
the early 1800s?
► Employees,
mostly
women & children,
worked long hours
► Factory owners
more took interest
in workers’ welfare
► Laws were enacted
to prevent child
labor
Review
►What
effect did
sectionalism have
on the Era of
Good Feelings?
► It
made national
unity more difficult
► It divided the nation
into East and West
► It weakened
political parties
Review
►What
► Spain
gave up control
generalization can of its colonies
be made about ► Colonies had to win
independence
the rise of Latin
through
revolution
American
► New republics easily
nations?
achieved democratic
rule.
Review
► Canals
allowed
►What was a result
western farmers to
of the
ship goods directly to
development of
eastern cities
canals in the
► Few farmers could
early 1800s?
afford to ship goods
through canals
► The National Road
fell into disuse
Review
►Which
of the
►He supported
following
slavery
statements about ►He was a close ally
John C. Calhoun
of Daniel Webster
is TRUE?
►He supported
strong central
government
Review
► Congress
would not
►Why did Henry
fund new roads,
Clay’s American bridges and canals
System fail?
► Congress lowered
tariffs
► Supreme Court ruled
that the American
System was
unconstitutional.
Review
►What
agreement
resulted in the
U.S. taking
possession of
Florida?
► Adams-Onis
Treaty
► McCullough v.
Maryland
► Monroe Doctrine
Review
►What
► Coating
surfaces
with mud
improvements did
► Charging travelers
Americans make
to use them
on roads in the
► Setting them on a
early 1800s?
bed of gravel
Review
► Only
federal
govt.
has
►What is the best
power to regulate
interpretation of
interstate commerce
the Supreme
► U.S. Constitution
Court decision,
prohibits commerce
Gibbons v.
between states
Ogden?
► Only states have the
power to regulate
interstate commerce
Review
►What
was daily
life like in a
factory in the
early 1800s?
► All
employees, including
children, worked 12
hour days, 6 days/week
► Adults worked 12 hour
days; children worked
shorter hours
► Children worked 6 hour
days with frequent rest
breaks
Review
►How
did Congress
protect American
manufacturers
after the War of
1812?
► Lowering
tariffs on
imported goods
► Eliminating tariffs
on imported goods
► Raising tariffs on
imported goods
Review
►Which
was a
reason why
President Monroe
announced the
Monroe Doctrine?
► To
protect Latin
American republics
from European attack
► To provoke a war
with Great Britain
► To protect American
industry from
European imports
Review
►What
happened
to the U.S.
population during
the Industrial
Revolution?
► Urbanization
increased in the
United States
► Many Americans
moved from cities to
farms
► Philadelphia became
the largest city in the
United States
Good Luck on your test!