Cold War
1945-1960
Ending World War II
Ending the War
Objectives
Terms
• What was the Purpose of
the Yalta Agreement?
• NUREMBERG TRIALS
• What impact did America
have on Post War Japan?
• Harry Truman
????
• If they split Iowa in
half. Which side
would live in?
• Why?
• You can’t live in
the circle
YALTA AGREEMENTS
• Big Three
– USSR,UK, USA
• Yalta Agreements
– 1) They agreed to divide Germany into 4
occupied zones after the war
– 2) Stalin agreed to free elections in Eastern
Europe
– 3) Stalin agreed to help the U.S. in the war
against Japan and to join the United Nations
Creation of two Germanys
• Green- Pro
USA
• Red- Pro
USSR
NUREMBERG WAR TRIALS
• The Trial
– Hitler’s death camps
– 24 surviving Nazi
leaders on trial for
crimes against humanity
– The trials were held in
Nuremberg, Germany
• “I was only following
orders”
• 12 of the 24 were
sentenced to death and the
others to life in prison
THE OCCUPATION OF JAPAN
• Japan was occupied by
U.S. forces under the
command of General
MacArthur
• During the seven- year occupation,
– Reshaped Japan’s economy by
introducing free-market
practices(like the USA)
– Introduced a liberal
constitution(Voting, like the
USA)
New Leadership
• Roosevelt’s Dies
• Truman in
Ending the War
Objectives
Terms
• What was the Purpose of
the Yalta Agreement?
– 1) Divide Germany into
4 occupied zones
– 2) Free elections in
Eastern Europe
– 3) Creation of the
United Nations
• What impact did America
have on Post War Japan?
– Installed Capitalism
– Installed Democracy
• NUREMBERG TRIALS
– Nazi leaders on trial for
crimes against
humanity
• Harry Truman
– President after FDR
Origins of the Cold War
Origins of the Cold War
Objectives
Terms
• What were the
philosophical differences
between the USSR and
USA
• Cold War
–
–
–
–
Eastern Europe
German Economy
Ideal Government
Ideal Economy
• Harry Truman
• Which best explains a Cold War?
– A. State of hostilities without direct military conflict
– B. State of hostilities with leads to war
– C. Countries stop trading with each other
– D. Peaceful relationships between two countries
• Which best explains a Cold War?
– A. State of hostilities without direct military conflict
– B. State of hostilities with leads to war
– C. Countries stop trading with each other
– D. Peaceful relationships between two countries
Origins
 What is a cold war?
 Definition: State of hostilities
without direct military conflict
 After WWII the USSR and USA
became the two leading super
powers in the world
Philosophical Differences
• Eastern Europe
– USA- Independence
• Allow them to vote for leaders
– USSR- Soviet Controlled
• Replace with pro soviet leader
– Create a Buffer Zone
• German Economy
– USA- Help Germany
• Stronger Germany =
Weaker USSR
– USSR- Hurt Germany
• Weaker Germany =
Stronger USSR
Philosophical Differences
• Ideal Economy
– Capitalism-
• Little Gov’t control
– Lassiz Faire
• Freedom of choices by consumers
– Communist
• Major Gov’t control
– Collectivism
• Lack of choices
• Ideal Government
– Democracy
• Multiple Parties- People
pick leaders
– Totalitarian
• One Party- Party picks
leaders
Origins of the Cold War
Objectives
Terms
• What were the philosophical
differences between the USSR and USA
– Eastern Europe
• Cold War
• USA-Independent
– Indirect military contact
• USSR-Soviet Controlled
• Harry Truman
– German Economy
– President after FDR
• USA-Help
• USSR-Hurt
– Ideal Government
• USA-Democracy
• USSR-Totalitarian
– Ideal Economy
• USA-Capitalism
• USSR-Communism
Main Philosophical Differences
Eastern Europe
USA
USSR
Independent
countries
Soviet control
German Economy Rebuild
Ideal Economy
Capitalism
Keep it low and
unstable
Communism
Government
Democracy
Totalitarian
Cold War in Europe
• If America was going to give money to help
struggling counties, who should they give it
too?
• A. Countries that are democratic
• B. Countries that trade with us
• C. Countries that speak our language
• D. There should be not criteria- Help anyone
Cold War in Europe
Objectives
Terms
• What major statement did
the USA make with the
Truman Doctrine?
 Iron Curtain
• What was the purpose of
the Marshall Plan and who
did it mainly help?
Berlin Airlift
Berlin Blockade
Cold War- Eastern Europe
 Stalin established communist
dictatorships in Soviet occupied
countries
 Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Yugoslavia, Albania, Czechoslovakia
 They were puppets of the USSR
• British Prime MisterWinston Churchill- “An Iron
Curtain has descended
across Eastern Europe”
Cold War in Southeast Europe
 Greek Civil War
 Greek Communist vs. Greek
Anti-Communist
 Truman Doctrine
 "support free peoples against
outside pressures,”
 Gave 400 million in economic
and military aid
 Importance
 USA will support FREE PEOPLE (
Protect Democratic Countries)
 Against OUTSIDE PRESSURES
(USSR/Communism)
USSR RESPONSE
• “About the capitalist
states, it doesn't
depend on you
whether we
(Soviet Union) exist.”
• “If you don't like us,
don't accept our
invitations, and don't
invite us to come
to see you. Whether
you like it our not,
history is on our
side. We will bury
you.” -- 1956
Premier Nikita Khrushchev
Cold War in Germany
 Berlin Blockade
 USSR Stopped Allies from
supplying West Berlin
 Berlin Airlift
 Allies sent Berlin supplies
by plane
 Daily for 10 months
Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
USA becomes proactive
 Western Europe
Devastation
 WWII left cities, towns,
and farms in ruins
 USE AMERICAN MONEY
TO STOP COMMUISM
 Marshall Plan- Europe
Recovery Program
 13 billion in Relief to western
Europe
 Stronger Western Europe =
Stop expansion of
communism
Marshall Plan
•
•
•
•
•
•
Biggest Gainers
Britain
France
Italy
W.Germany
Netherlands
Marshall Plan Clip
Example of Recovery
Objectives
Cold War in Europe
• What major statement did the
USA make with the Truman
Doctrine?
 USA adopts a policy of
containment
• Contain communism
• Protect capitalism
• What was the purpose of the
Marshall Plan and who did it
mainly help?
– It provided money and
resources to countries after
WWII
– Mainly to Western Europe
Terms
• Iron Curtain
– Fictional European
borderline
– USSR controls East
 Berlin Blockade
 USSR Stopped Allies from
supplying West Berlin
 Berlin Airlift
 Allied response to
blockade
 Deliver by Air
Search for Allies
Cold War in Europe
Objectives
Terms
• Which regions mainly
allied with NATO?
 NATO
• Which regions mainly
allied within the Warsaw
Pact?
 Warsaw Pact
• Name two movie characters that are best
friends?
• Name two movie characters that are worst
enemies?
Cold War in Europe-Search for Allies
 East/West relationships
deteriorate
 Leads to suspicion
 Both sides seek military
alliances
 Allies
 NATO- North Atlantic
Treaty Organization-1951
 Pro-America
 Warsaw Pact – 1955
 Pro-USSR
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
 United States
 Belgium
 Britain
 Canada
 Denmark
 Luxemburg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Portugal
 France
 1952: Greece &
Turkey
 Iceland
 1955: West Germany
 Italy
 1983: Spain
Warsaw Pact (1955)
}
U. S. S. R.
}
Albania
}
Bulgaria
}
Czechoslovakia
}
East Germany
}
Hungary
}
Poland
}
Rumania
Objectives
Cold War in Europe
• Which regions mainly allied
with NATO?
– USA
– Western Europe
– Western Hemisphere
• Which regions mainly allied
within the Warsaw Pact?
– USSR
– Eastern Europe
Terms
 NATO
 North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
 Pro-America Alliance
 Warsaw Pact
 Pro-USSR Alliance