Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing • Law of Human Progress: Society has gone through three stages: theological, metaphysical, and scientific Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing • The bourgeoisie and the proletariat • Feelings of alienation • Class consciousness Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing • Collective conscience • His work on Suicide (1897) Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Theory Level of View of Analysis Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory Functionalism Macro Structure, function, manifest and latent function, dysfunctions Pros: examines structures within society; examines the "big picture"; emphasizes the impact that structures in relation to consequences for society Cons: does not emphasize the interactions between individuals Society consists of interdependent parts, each fulfilling certain functions Continued… Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Theory Level of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory Conflict Macro Conflict between diverse groups within society competing for valuable resources Means of production, proletariats, bourgeoisie, social class, scarce resources Pros: examines stratification and inequality and the reasons that they exist; examines who benefits from existing social relationships Cons: does not explore competition within society as potentially beneficial Continued… Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Theory Level of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory Interactionism Micro Interaction between people in society is negotiated using symbols, gestures, and communication, including non-verbal Symbols, social construction, definition of the situation Pros: examines dayto-day interactions between people; examines relationship between identity and social interaction Cons: does not emphasize the ways in which large-scale structures affect interaction Continued… Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Theory Level of Analysis View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory Exchange Micro Actions are determined by weighing rewards and costs Exchanges, rewards, costs, benefits, negotiation Pros: examines dayto-day interactions between people; examines relationship between identity and social interaction Cons: does not emphasize the ways in which large-scale structures affect interaction Continued… Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Theory Level of Analysis Evolutionary Macro View of Society Major Concepts Pros and Cons of Theory Social systems evolve naturally from simple to complex Organism, social arrangement s social systems, simple, complex, survival of the fittest Pros: looks at society as evolving naturally over time; brings in the possibility of social evolution as connected with biological evolution Cons: does not emphasize the potential negativity of "survival of the fittest" concept Continued… Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing Introduction to Sociology, 5/e © 2012 BVT Publishing