Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
• Law of Human Progress: Society has gone
through three stages: theological,
metaphysical, and scientific
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
• The bourgeoisie and the proletariat
• Feelings of alienation
• Class consciousness
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
• Collective conscience
• His work on Suicide (1897)
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Theory
Level of View of
Analysis Society
Major
Concepts
Pros and Cons of
Theory
Functionalism
Macro
Structure,
function,
manifest and
latent
function,
dysfunctions
Pros: examines
structures within
society; examines
the "big picture";
emphasizes the
impact that
structures in relation
to consequences for
society
Cons: does not
emphasize the
interactions between
individuals
Society
consists of
interdependent
parts, each
fulfilling certain
functions
Continued…
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Theory
Level of
Analysis
View of Society
Major
Concepts
Pros and Cons
of Theory
Conflict
Macro
Conflict between
diverse groups
within society
competing for
valuable resources
Means of
production,
proletariats,
bourgeoisie,
social class,
scarce
resources
Pros: examines
stratification and
inequality and the
reasons that they
exist; examines who
benefits from existing
social relationships
Cons: does not
explore competition
within society as
potentially beneficial
Continued…
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Theory
Level of
Analysis
View of Society
Major
Concepts
Pros and Cons
of Theory
Interactionism
Micro
Interaction between
people in society is
negotiated using
symbols, gestures,
and communication,
including non-verbal
Symbols,
social
construction,
definition of
the situation
Pros: examines dayto-day interactions
between people;
examines
relationship between
identity and social
interaction
Cons: does not
emphasize the ways
in which large-scale
structures affect
interaction
Continued…
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Theory
Level of
Analysis
View of
Society
Major
Concepts
Pros and Cons
of Theory
Exchange
Micro
Actions are
determined by
weighing rewards
and costs
Exchanges,
rewards,
costs,
benefits,
negotiation
Pros: examines dayto-day interactions
between people;
examines
relationship between
identity and social
interaction
Cons: does not
emphasize the ways
in which large-scale
structures affect
interaction
Continued…
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Theory
Level of
Analysis
Evolutionary Macro
View of
Society
Major
Concepts
Pros and Cons
of Theory
Social systems
evolve naturally
from simple to
complex
Organism,
social
arrangement
s social
systems,
simple,
complex,
survival of
the fittest
Pros: looks at
society as evolving
naturally over time;
brings in the
possibility of social
evolution as
connected with
biological evolution
Cons: does not
emphasize the
potential negativity of
"survival of the
fittest" concept
Continued…
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing
Introduction to Sociology, 5/e
© 2012 BVT Publishing