Bell Ringer
List the three motives/causes of Imperialism
List the three Forms of Imperial control
Provide two examples of Imperial control.
Example (you need 2 more):
-Russian sphere of influence in Iran.
Bell Ringer
What treaty opened Japan
The Treaty of Kanagawa
to trade with the United
States?
Isolation
Japan spent
300 years
_____________, or cut off
from the rest of the world
John Locke
Who
believed the natural
rights are life, liberty and
property?
New Global Patterns
Japan
What do you already
know?
-Island nation: archipelago
-Few natural resources
-isolated for hundreds of years
-mountainous
-emperor
Isolation
REVIEW
Ruled by the Tokugawa Shogunate and Isolated for 300 years. The Japanese were
self-sufficient growing
their food, making
goods,
resources
Remember,
Japan
hasanda necessary
strict class
structure.
The top is the emperor, but
Isolation has its
problems though:
-Corruption
government
the inShogun
is really in control. The
-goods were made by hand = expensive and time consuming
Tokugawa
Shogunate
made the Japanese
-Japanese
lost faith
in their government
Isolated
Based on this, do you think
industrialization
had yet
What
is occurred
the moral
in Japan? What is your evidence?
code the Samurai
class followed?
Bushido
Commodore Perry
In 1853, a US fleet of armed ships arrived in Japan. The
US ships were led by Commodore Perry. He delivered a
letter demanding the Japanese open for trade.
In 1854, the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed giving the
US access to two ports
Soon, other imperial powers, such as Britain,
Russia and France had similar arrangements.
Japanese Reaction
The Japanese people
were split over the
foreigners. Many were
offended by the forced
trade agreements , but
others saw it as an
opportunity to improve
Japan.
What do you think the
artist felt?
Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)
The emperor had witnessed how China fell
to the foreigners because they refused to
modernize.
The emperor began a period of
modernization and industrialization known
as the Meiji Restoration
4:55
Meiji
Goal: Japan would adopt Western industry to stand up against them
Method: Japanese scholars sent abroad to study the West and its cultures.
TheRussia,
BIG France,
Idea: etc. To learn about Western
Political leaders travelled to Britain,
government, economies,
technology,
and
customs.
Japan will
quickly
industrialize
to fight
off the West
What types of things do you think the
travellers may have seen?
Meiji Pride
“This means that about seven years after the first
sight of a steamship, after only about five years of
practice, the Japanese made a trans-Pacific crossing
without help from foreign experts… Even Peter the
Great of Russia, who went to Holland to study
navigation, could not have equaled this feat of the
Japanese.”
What did the Japanese accomplish?
Why is it so shocking?
Fukuzawa Yukichi
A Japanese scholar who travelled to California. He spent his life
writing books to help the Japanese people understand Western
thought and culture. He discovered many interesting things:
-Carpeted floors
“the floors were covered with valuable carpets that in Japan only the more
wealthy could buy… to make purses. Upon this costly fabric walked our hosts
(Americans) wearing shoes with which they had come in from the streets!”
-Ice
“our drinks arrived with strange fragments floating in them. Some of the
party swallowed these particles, others chewed them. Hardly did we expect
to find ice in the warm spring weather”
Why were the carpets so shocking
“To our dismay, we could not make out what they were doing. The ladies
for
Japanese
Whythecan
US As funny as
and the
gentlemen
seemed tovisitors?
be hopping about
roomthe
together.
it was, weto
knew
it would
be rude
laugh,floors?
and we controlled our
afford
keep
them
ontothe
-Dancing
expressions with difficulty as the dancing went on.”
Reforms
-Government modeled after Germany’s Autocratic ruler
Historically, culture flowed
-1889 Constitution set up a two house legislature- one elected
and one appointedfrom China to Japan
through
Korea,
the
Cultural
-All citizens are equal before the law but suffrage is limited
Bridge. However, Japan
-modernized the military
picked what culture they
-Improved infrastructure (roads, bridges, communication
adopted
systems)
-Adopted Western manufacturing systems
Zaibatsu
Unlike China, which
resisted modernizing,
Commodore Perry arrived in agriculturally based Japan in 1853
Japan embraced it,
By 1890 the Japanese had a booming industry and leading military
with the Government
financing industrial
growth
The Japanese government invested and developed factories and businesses.
They were then bought by Zaibatsu, powerful banking and industry families.
Changing fashions of the Meiji
Traditional 



Meiji
Education
In less than 50 years Japan
transformed from a traditional
agricultural nation, into a
powerful industrialized and
modern nation
Japan’s imperial conquest
Like other industrialized nations, Japan
realized it needed raw materials and new
markets.
Neighboring countries Manchuria and Korea
have the necessary materials and natural
resources.
What do you think will happen?
Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895
In 1894 rising tensions with China over Korean
trading broke into war.
China had more resources, but Japan had
modernized its army.
Japanese Victory
The Japanese won the war, and gained influence in South Korea. They also
gained trading ports in China and control of Taiwan.
The western powers are
shocked by Japan’s victory. They
had not thought of Japanese
modernizing as a threat to their
interests in the East.
Russo-Japanese War 1904
The Japanese and Russians were rivals for control in Korea and Manchuria. The
tensions over control led to war. The Japanese defeated the Russian troops in
Manchuria, and destroyed the Russian Fleet (Navy).
**This marks the first time in modern
history that an Asian power beat an
European Nation**
Review
The Japanese
Modernizereaction to
Meiji Restoration
imperialism
was to…
The Japanese fought in
and Japan
theChina
Sino-Japanese
war.
Who was fighting in this
war?
Who is credited with
Commodore
Perryfor
‘opening’
Japan
By implied force
trade?
How did he do
this?
Japanese in Korea
Korea always felt like a ‘shrimp among the whales” because its
neighbors were large and powerful.
REVIEW
Korea
wasa protectorate,
known as
the
By 1910 the Japanese
made Korea
setting
up a
puppet government to force
its control.
____________
During protectorate
rule the Japanese modernized because
Korea, for their
_________________
own benefit.
Example: the culture
Koreans werespread from China to
producing more rice than ever before,
Japan
but most of it went to
Japan. through Korea
Korean Nationalism
Like other imperial powers, the Japanese were
unpopular among their Korean subjects.
The Japanese imposed strict laws aimed at
erasing Korean language and culture.
The unfair treatment by the Japanese caused
Korean nationalism to grow.
Each time we have talked about a
nation taking over another, it has
sparked what feeling? Why?
Think of:
Napoleon
Congress of Vienna
African Imperialism
Latin American Revolution
South East Asia
After Africa and the Middle East
were imperialized, the Europeans
turned to Asia.
The South Asian countries appealed
to the Europeans who wanted to
secure sea routes between India and
China
British and French
The British and French were the main players of
the South Asian areas. The British held the South
West between India and Thailand. The French
held Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia; known as
French Indochina.
Between the two stood Thailand, a needed
border between the super powers.
Based on your knowledge of Japan and
imperialism, why do you think Siam (Thailand)
was able to resist the imperial powers?
They modernized and industrialized
their nation to stand against the
Western powers
Siam (Thailand)
King Mongkut saw how the western powers took
over neighboring countries who clung to
traditional ways of life. To avoid this he launched a
campaign to reform the nation:
-- Reformed the government
-- trained and supplied a modern army
-- Built factories and industry
-- Western experts were brought in to teach
In the early 1900s, Britain and France
agreed to guarantee Thailand’s
independence, but both created spheres of
influence to guarantee trade.
The Philippines
The Philippine Islands are rich in natural
resources and safe harbors. In 1898, the
Spanish relinquished (gave up) control of
the islands to the United States.
Though the islanders had declared
independence in 1986, the US ignored their
declaration and forced their rule upon the
Filipinos.
Hawaii
In the middle of the Pacific sat Hawaii, a rich nation with
large sugar plantations. The Plantations were largely owned
by US business men, who disagreed with the Queen’s tax
policy.
These plantation owners overthrew the government, and
forced their supporters into the government. They
eventually convinced the US to annex Hawaii as a state.
What strategic advantage does Hawaii
provide for the United States?
Review
British control over South Africa, French
control over Indochina, and Spanish control
over Mexico are examples of
1.Isolationism
2.Appeasement
3.Nonalignment
4.Imperialism
Review
During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans
improved roads and bridges and built railroads
in their colonies primarily to
1.Provide jobs for the colonists
2. Obtain raw materials needed for
industrialization
3. Impress the colonists with their technology
4. Help missionaries spread Christianity
Review
An analysis of the Russo-Japanese War and
the Boer War shows that one reason nations
go to war is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Assist oppressed people
Spread religious beliefs
Satisfy imperialist goals
Honor provisions of a treaty
Review
Throughout the 1800s, an increased need
for both raw materials and new markets for
manufactured goods led various European
nations to pursue policies of
1.
2.
3.
4.
Imperialism
Socialism
Isolationism
communism
Critical Thinking
Write 4-5 sentences explaining why nations like Ethiopia, Japan
and Thailand were successful in avoiding European control, and
nations such as India and China were not able to do so.
Use your notes to examine the differences.