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Properties of Water-Chapter 2
Name: _________________________
Our Oceans
o The ocean covers approximately _____% of Earth’s surface
o Our planet’s ocean can be divided into four oceans:
o The ____________________
o The ____________________
o The ____________________
o The ____________________
o Basins-large water covered areas ____________________ continents; commonly referred to as oceans
o Earth’s ocean contains _____% of the water on Earth
o That leaves only _____% of the planet’s water as fresh as opposed to salt
o _____ of that freshwater is contained in ice in glaciers and sea ice caps in Earth’s polar regions
Ocean’s Renewability
o The ocean is important for all ____________________ things and influences many of Earth’s
____________________
o The ocean is a resource that ____________________ ____________________naturally over relatively short
periods of time
o Renewable resource
o Some resources, such as natural gas and minerals, are ____________________ faster than they are naturally
replaced
o Nonrenewable resources
o Just because the ocean is considered a renewable resource doesn’t mean everything in it is
o ____________________-humans extract fish at rates faster than they can reproduce making the food
source no longer renewable
Atoms
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____________________-the most basic particle of a unique element that has the properties of that element
Neutrons-__________ electrical charge
Protons-a +1 or a ____________________ charge
Around the dense nucleus of each unique atom is a cloud of tiny, ____________________ charged electrons
Look at figure 2.16-hydrogen atom
Look at figure 2.17-oxygen atom
____________________ and ____________________ combine to make a water molecule
Water Molecules
o Look at figure 2.19-water molecules
o Hydrogen bonding-the ____________________ between ____________________ molecules
o Cohesion-the property of water making it ____________________ to ____________________molecules of
water via hydrogen bonding
o It is ____________________ that allows water to form drops
o ____________________ ____________________-the attraction between molecules at a liquid’s surface
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Salinity
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Salinity-the measure of dissolved ____________________ in water
Distilled water has __________ ____________________
Water is considered ____________________if it contains 1 part per thousand or less of salts
The average salinity of the ocean is _____ parts per thousand (35% salt)
Ocean Water
o Ocean water carries a lot of ____________________
o The minerals come from:
o ____________________: freshwater in streams and rivers contains salts and flows into the ocean
o ____________________ the ____________________: volcanoes, vents, and other processes at the
seafloor spew minerals from below Earth’s crust
o ____________________: carried by wind and deposited into the ocean
Phase Changes
o ____________________- liquid to gas
o ____________________- liquid to solid
o ____________________- gas to liquid
o Pure water boils at 100 degrees C
o 212 degrees F
o Pure water freezes at 0 degrees C
o 32 degrees F
o Salt water ____________________and becomes a gas at a slightly ____________________temperature than
freshwater
o Salt water ____________________at a slightly ____________________temperature
Freshwater and Saltwater Meet
o Brackish-water that is somewhere ____________________salt and fresh
o Margrove forests and salt marshes
o Estuaries-where rivers ____________________the sea
o Nurseries of the sea; provide home for many species of marine life
o Plants and animals living here can tolerate wide ____________________in ____________________b/c their
always changing
Neutral Buoyancy
o Some organisms float on top of the ocean
o Others live near its bottom
o Others make their homes ____________________the water ____________________
o Organisms have features that assist them with ____________________and ____________________or moving
up and down-____________________ ____________________