Study Guide Latin America Government and Economics 1-3. Define the ways government systems distribute power: Unitary, Confederation, Federal 1. Unitary– Power is held by one central authority. 2. Confederation – – – Independent states/countries band together for some common purpose. They only delegate a few powers to the central authority. By which they are giving up certain freedoms. States/countries retain considerable independence. 3. Federal – Power is divided between one central and several regional authorities. 4-6. Define the ways governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic 4. Autocratic• • One person possesses unlimited power. The citizen has limited, if any, role in government. 5. Oligarchic• • • Government by the few. Sometimes a small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited role. 6. Democratic• All citizens participate in the government 7. Describe the difference between parliamentary and presidential democracy • Parliamentary – Citizens elect members of parliament – Those members choose a leader from among themselves to be the Prime Minister (PM) – May have a monarch as the head of state • Presidential – Citizens SEPARATELY elect the members of the legislature and the President (chief executive) – Most South American countries have this form of democracy 8. What are the types of government and economic systems of Brazil, Mexico, Cuba? • Brazil- presidential democracy; mixed economy (closer to market) • Mexico- presidential democracy; mixed economy (closer to market) • Cuba- communist dictatorship; mixed economy (closer to command) 9. What are the 3 basic questions that all economic systems have to answer? • What goods and services will be produced? • How will the goods and services be produced? • Who will get the goods and services? 10-12. Describe the following economic systems: traditional, market, command, mixed 10. Traditional– the customs and habits of the past make decisions 11. Market– decisions are made by individuals 12. Command– decisions are made by the government 13. What type of economic system do most Latin American countries have? • Most Latin American countries have a mixed economy, closer to the market side 14. Where are Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico located on the economic continuum? Cuba Brazil 30% 57% Pure Command Mexico 66% Pure Market 15-17. Define GDP (Gross Domestic Product), human capital, and capital goods 15. GDP- – the total value of all the goods and services produced in a country in one year 16. Human capital– human workers 17. Education and healthcare 18-19. Define Capital goods and entrepreneurship 18. Any tool that a worker uses to make another good. Examples: machines in factories, computers 19. People who are willing to take risks in business 20. Describe the role of natural resources in a country’s economy • • Typically, if a country has natural resources, then the economy will do well. The country saves money because it does not have to import natural resources needed by the people 21. Explain how specialization encourages trade between countries • If one country specializes in one item, then they can become masters at producing that item. • Then, they can trade that really good item. • Other countries then specialize in other items and trade those. • Then the countries can trade and end up with good quality items after trading. 22-24. Define the following trade barriers: tariff, embargo, quota 22. Tariff- tax on imports 23. Embargo- a government order stopping trade with another country 24. Quota- limit on the amount of goods let into a country 25. What is currency exchange rate? • The price of one’s nation’s currency in terms of another nation’s currency • Examples: – $1=€1.37 – 1 Mexican peso=$0.079 – 1 Brazilian real= $0.567 26. What is the main purpose of NAFTA? • Increase trade by creating a large freetrade zone 27. How does Latin America’s literacy rate effect its development? • The higher the literacy rate the better the standard of living • Latin America tends to have several countries with low literacy rates