Biorisks connect with wild
birds:
Results of Avian Influenza
Virus Surveillance in SouthWest Siberia (Russia) in 2010
• Why South-West Sibiria?
• 1. Three global migration flyway across in
it region
• 2. It region had general role in expansion
H5N1 in 2005 in Eurasia.
Example of generalized flyways. In this case flyways of waders
(shorebirds) are depicted, as compiled by the Wader Study Group.
2010 Results
We isolated 32 AI viruses from 743 samples
(Western Siberia); isolation rate - 4.3 %.
number of
isolates
subtype
10
H3N8
4
H3N6
8
H4N6
10
unsubtyped
Viruses have been isolated only from 4
duck species:
Common Teal (Anas crecca)
Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata)
Common Pochard (Aythya ferina)
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Russia - Western Mongolia
* Uvs-Nuur Lake
Grebe
*
We think that some water bodies (lakes and
rivers) of South-West Siberia play an
important role in the circulation of AIV and
could be used as early warning system for
HPAI outbreaks in wild birds in Eurasia.
H5N1 Virus on Uvs – Nuur Lake
H5N1
Clade
2.2
2006
H5N1
Clade
2.3.2
2009-2010
• Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin
gene showed a close relation to viruses
isolated during outbreaks at the same
location in 2009, at the Qinghai Lake in
2009 and in Mongolia in 2010 ; all of them
fall into clade 2.3.2.
• No viruses of clade 2.2 have been
isolated in these territories since 2009
A/turkey/Suzdalka/12/05
A/chicken/Suzdalka/06/05
A/goose/Suzdalka/10/05
82
97
WHO/OIE/FAO H5N1
Evolution Working
Group, 2009
A/tufted duck/Germany/R1240/06
A/whooper swan/Mongolia/244/2005(2.2)
A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005
A/swan/Slovenia/760/2006
A/chicken/Tambov/570-2/05
A/wild duck/Omsk/103-01/05
A/chicken/Krasnodar/01/2006
A/goose/Krasnoozerskoe/627/05
Clade 2.2
A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-1/2005
82
A/swan/Astrakhan/Russia/Nov-2/2005
96
A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast05-2-7/2005
A/domestic goose/Pavlodar/1/2005
A/chicken/Omsk/14/05
A/barheadedgoose/Qinghai/1A/2005(2.2)
100
2005-2007
A/chicken/Mahachkala/05/2006
A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/62/05
A/common gull/Chany/P/2006
91
90
A/grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-2/06
A/duck/Tuva/01/2006
A/chicken/Rostov/22-1/2007
89
100
A/starling/Rostov-on-Don/39/07
A/chicken/Domodedovo/MK/2007
A/chicken/Adygea/203/06
94
A/chicken/Krasnodar/199/06
79
A/cygnus olor/Italy/742/2006
A/chicken/Korea/ES/03
A/duck/Fujian/11094/2005
A/chicken/Guangdong/191/04
88
A/chicken/Guangdong/178/04
A/chicken/Primorje/1/2008
80
96
A/chicken/Primorsky/85/2008
A/whooperswan/Hokkaido/1/2008
78
Clade 2.3.2
A/littleegret/HongKong/8863/2007
100
99
93
100
A/black-headed gull/Tyva/8/2010
A/great crested grebe/Tyva/22/2010
A/spoonbill/Tyva/1/2010
A/black-headed gull/Tyva/115/2009
93
A/Spoonbill/Tyva/117/09
A/great crested grebe/Tyva/120/2009
99
A/Little grebe/Tyva/118/09
2008-2010
A/quail/Shantou/3054/2002
A/Viet Nam/1194/2004(1)
70
89
A/duck/Vietnam/1231/2005(1)
96
A/VietNam/HN30408/2005(1)
A/Ck/HK/YU777/02(8)
A/duck/Fujian/897/2005(9)
100
A/Goose/Shantou/1621/05(9)
A/blackbird/Hunan/1/2004(6)
A/duck/Guangxi/1681/2004
100
A/goose/Guangxi/1097/2004(5)
A/duck/Fujian/17/2001
A/Chicken/Hong Kong/YU562/01(3)
A/Pheasant/HongKong/FY155/01(3)
100
A/goose/Guiyang/337/2006(4)
A/goose/Guiyang/1175/2006(4)
A/treesparrow/Henan/2/2004(7)
A/Beijing/01/2003(2)(7)
81
A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006(7)
99
A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96
100
0,005
A/Goose/Guangdong/3/97
Pic Phylogenetic tree of HA gene
(H5N1 viruses we isolated in Russia in
2005-2010).
What is the reason of
clade change???
H5N1
Clade
2.2
2005
2006
?
2007
2008
H5N1
Clade
2.3.2
2009
2010
Results of HI assay: antigenic relationship between H5N1
viruses isolated at the Uvs Nuur Lake in 2006 (clade2.2)
and in 2009-2010 (clade 2.3.2).
Sera (ferret)
Virus
A/common
A/duck/Tuva/0 A/Black-headed A/great crested
gull/Chany/P/2 1/2006
gull/Tyva/115/0 grebe/Tyva/22/2
006
9
010
A/common
gull/Chany/P/2006
2560
2560
≤40
≤40
A/duck/Tuva/01/200
6
1280
2560
≤40
≤40
A/Black-headed
gull/Tyva/115/09
≤40
≤40
1280
1280
A/great crested
grebe/Tyva/22/2010
≤40
≤40
1280
1280
We suggest that the current
circulation of clade 2.3.2 and the
disappearance of 2.2 can be
explained by antigenic drift of HA,
under the pressure of population
immunity in the natural host species.
Recent distribution of Clade 2.3.2
Russia
2009-2010
Bulgaria
2010
Romania 2010
Japan
2011 Feb
(Reid et al., 2010; Sharshov et al.,2010; WHO 2011; OIE 2011)
• Therefore we have:
• 1. Diversity subtype AIV in wild birds in
Central Asia (30% do not typing)
• 2. Change of H5N1 clade (2.3.2 instead of
2.2)
• One of exceptional place for monitoring
AIV in Eurasia – South West Sibiria
This work was supported by Russian Federal Program (grants
16.740.11.0179 and 14.740.11.0247)
Was supported by Award RUB2-2991-NO-10 of the U.S. Civilian
Research &Development Foundation (CRDF).
Thank you!