What are Anxiety Disorders?
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Toward a Basic Understanding: A look at Depression Anxiety Psychosis and Substance Abuse This educational series is presented by Seminole Behavioral Healthcare as part of our commitment toward a greater community understanding and response to those suffering from behavioral disorders. This course is designed to give you information about mental health and mental illness. Major mental health disorders including their symptoms and causes are presented. It will give you tips on how to talk to someone who might be having difficulty coping. It will also give you specific information about where and how to get professional help if it is needed. This course provides an introduction to material contained within our Mental Health First Aid course. Information about enrolling in the full 12 hour Mental Health First Aid certification course can be found at the end of this presentation. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare The course is structured as follows: • • • • • Part one: Depression Part two: Anxiety Part three: Psychosis Part four: Substance abuse Part five: Resources Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare LEARNING OBJECTIVES Through participation in this course, participants will be able to: 1. Define the symptoms of major mental health disorders, 2. Understand the prevalence of mental health issues within our communities, 3. Learn how to identify when a person is in need of professional help, and how to respond effectively, 4. List basic resources available to help those with emotional and behavioral problems. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Part one: What is Depression? Clinical depression lasts for at least 2 weeks and affects the person’s emotions, thinking, behavior and physical wellbeing. It affects the person’s ability to work and to have satisfying relationships. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 5 Symptoms of Depression Emotions Sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, mood swings, lack of emotional responsiveness, helplessness, hopelessness. Thoughts Frequent self-criticism, self-blame, pessimism, impaired memory and concentration, indecisiveness and confusion, tendency to believe others see you in a negative light, thoughts of death and suicide. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 6 Symptoms of Depression (cont’d) Behavior Crying spells, withdrawal from others, worrying, neglect of responsibilities, loss of interest in personal appearance, loss of motivation, increased or excessive use of drugs and alcohol. Physical Chronic fatigue, lack of energy, sleeping too much or too little, overeating or loss of appetite, constipation, weight loss or gain, irregular menstrual cycle, loss of sexual desire, unexplained aches and pains. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 7 How common is depression? • Major depression is leading cause of disability in the U.S. • Affects almost 10% of the general population – approx. 19 million Americans • 10-25% of women and 5-12% of men will become clinically depressed • Women affected almost twice as much as men • Two-thirds of people with depression never seek help Source: www.allaboutdepression.com Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Possible Causes of Depression A specific traumatic event can cause a person to slip into depression A series of smaller stressful events can build on one another, causing as much stress as a single major event Illness which is life-threatening, chronic or associated with pain Recent childbirth or other hormonal changes Some health conditions can contribute to depression A side effect of some medications Stress of having another mental illness, such as anxiety Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 9 Possible Causes of Depression (cont’d) Lack of exposure to bright light in winter Family history such as having a depressed family member Having a previous episode of depression Having a difficult childhood can result in fewer coping skills to face adult challenges Substance/drug misuse, especially alcohol and tranquilizers Chemical (neurotransmitter) imbalance Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 10 Depression is often linked to suicidal behavior. Let’s look at some myths and facts about suicide. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Myth: Discussing suicide will cause a person to move toward doing it. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Fact: Study after study shows that discussing suicidal feelings with a sympathetic person decreases the likelihood of acting on those feelings. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Myth: People who repeatedly threaten suicide are unlikely to actually attempt suicide. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Fact: The vast majority of people who commit suicide voice their threats to others repeatedly before doing so. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Myth: People who commit suicide are insane or irrational. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Fact: For most suicidal people, suicide is a rational problem-solving option designed to relieve them of the emotional pain that they are experiencing. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Myth: Because suicide often runs in families, it is believed to have a genetic component. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Fact: There is no “suicide gene.” Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Myth: Once a person has had suicidal feelings, s/he should always be considered to be a high suicide risk. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Fact: Most people have fleeting thoughts of suicide at some point or another in their lives. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Myth: Teenagers are the highest risk age group for suicide. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Fact: While teen suicide is a tragic reality, the elderly are the highest risk age group. This is followed by adults age 18-22. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare SUICIDE WARNING SIGNS Expressions of hopelessness or helplessness An overwhelming sense of shame or guilt A dramatic change in personality or appearance Irrational or bizarre behavior Changed eating or sleeping habits A severe drop in school or work performance A lack of interest in the future Written or spoken notice of intention to commit suicide Giving away possessions or putting affairs in order Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 24 IF A PERSON IS SUICIDAL What not to do Don’t act shocked and/or disgusted as this creates distance. Don’t minimize or brush off the intensity of their feelings. Don’t analyze a person’s motives, e.g. “You only feel bad because…”. Don’t argue, lecture or try to reassure e.g. “You can’t kill yourself because…”. Don’t ridicule or use guilt to prevent suicide. Don’t be sworn to secrecy – involve others – confidentiality doesn’t ever apply to suicide. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 25 IF A PERSON IS SUICIDAL What to do Take seriously any communication about feeling suicidal. Ask them directly about whether they are planning suicide. Talk with them about how they are feeling. Find out about their suicide plan – when, where, how? Find out about prior times they have felt suicidal. Find out about their supports (friends and family). Appear confident that things will improve. Arrange for someone to stay with the person. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 26 CRISIS FIRST AID FOR SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR 1. Do not get involved physically if the person is distressed and threatening. 2. Ensure person is not left alone - stay with the person if you consider the risk of suicide high OR try to arrange that someone be with them while they get through the immediate crisis. 3. Seek immediate help: Phone Emergency 911, OR Take the person to a Hospital Emergency Department, OR Take the person to see a doctor or mental health professional. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 27 CRISIS FIRST AID FOR SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR cont’d 4. If the person is taking alcohol or drugs, try to stop him/her from taking any more. 5. Try to ensure person does not have ready access to some means to take their life. 6. Encourage the person to talk. Listen without judgement. Be polite and respectful. Don’t deny the person’s feelings. Don’t try to give advice. 7. Give reassurance about a favorable outcome for the person. 8. When the person is resistant to your intervention and you believe they are a danger to themselves or others, call 911. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 28 Let’s summarize what we’ve learned about depression/suicide: • Depression is a serious but treatable condition. • Depression is a common disorder. • There are many causes of depression. It is not caused by weakness of character. • Asking about suicidal thoughts and feelings saves lives. • All suicidal thoughts and feelings should be taken seriously. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Being a Good Listener Listen Non-Judgmentally YOU ARE NOT LISTENING TO ME WHEN YOU: say you understand exactly how I’m feeling. say you have an answer to my problem, before I’ve finished telling you my problem. cut me off before I’ve finished speaking. finish my sentences for me. are dying to tell me something. tell me about your experiences, making mine seem unimportant. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 30 YOU ARE LISTENING TO ME WHEN YOU: really try to understand me, even if I’m not making much sense. grasp my point of view, even when it’s against your own sincere convictions. allow me the dignity of making my own decisions, even though you think they may be wrong. do not take my problem from me, but allow me to deal with it in my own way. hold back the desire to give me advice. do not offer me religious solace when I am not ready for it. give me enough room to discover for myself what is really going on. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 31 Give Reassurance and Information Depression is a real health problem. Depression is a common illness. Depression is not a weakness or character defect. Depression is not laziness. Effective help and treatments are available. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 32 Helpful Things to Say Are you okay? How can I help? You’re not alone in feeling this way. Everybody feels depressed sometimes. How long have you felt this way? Is it interfering with your job or relationships? If you’ve felt this way for a while, maybe it’s time to get some help. Needing help isn’t a sign of weakness. If you do have depression, it’s a real medical illness that can be treated. You don’t have to feel this way forever. Help is available. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 33 Part two: What are Anxiety Disorders? An anxiety disorder differs from normal stress and anxiety. An anxiety disorder is more severe, long lasting and interferes with work and relationships. Frequently co-occurs with depression and / or substance use. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 34 How common are anxiety disorders? • Most common mental illness in the U.S. – 40 million adults aged 18 and older (18.1% of U.S. population) • People with anxiety disorders are 3-5 times more likely to go to the doctor and 6 times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders than those who do not suffer from anxiety disorders. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare This illustrates the most common symptoms of anxiety. What do you see? Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 36 Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 37 General Symptoms of Anxiety Physical Cardiovascular: palpitations, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, flushing. Respiratory: hyperventilation, shortness of breath. Neurological: dizziness, headache, sweating, tingling and numbness. Gastrointestinal: choking, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Musculoskeletal: muscle aches and pains (esp. neck, shoulders), restlessness, tremor and shaking. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 38 General Symptoms of Anxiety (cont’d) Psychological Unrealistic and/or excessive fear and worry (about past or future events), mind racing or going blank, decreased concentration and memory, indecisiveness, irritability, impatience, anger, confusion, restlessness or feeling ‘on edge’ or nervousness, tiredness, sleep disturbances, and/or vivid dreams. Behavioral Avoidance of situations, obsessive or compulsive behavior, distress in social situations, and/or phobic behavior. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 39 Symptoms/Behaviors of POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER This disorder is always linked to an experience or event during which the person believed that his or her life was in danger. It is often appears after events such as a serious accident, assault, or serving in the armed forces. The person: - is jumpy and feels very upset when something happens without warning. - has a hard time trusting or feeling close to other people. - gets mad very easily. - feels guilty because others died and he/she lived. - has trouble sleeping and his/her muscles are tense. - states he/she feels like the terrible event is happening all over again. This feeling often comes without warning. - has nightmares and scary memories of the terrifying event. - stays away from places that remind them of the event. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 40 When a family member has PTSD • They may seem preoccupied and emotionally cut-off from the family • They may lose interest in sex and have difficulty expressing affection • They may become obsessed with keeping the family safe from harm Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare There are three additional anxiety disorders which are common: • Generalized anxiety disorder • Panic Disorder • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Symptoms/Behaviors of GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDERS The person: - worries all the time about things big and small. - often complains of headaches and other aches and pains for no reason. - is very tense and has trouble relaxing. - has trouble keeping his/her mind on things. - is crabby or grouchy. - has trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. - perspires and has hot flashes. - sometimes says they have a lump in his/her throat or feels like they need to throw up when they are worried. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 43 Symptoms/Behaviors of PANIC DISORDER The person: - says they have chest pains or a racing heart. - states he/she is having a hard time breathing or a choking feeling. - complains he/she feels dizzy, or is sweating a lot. - says he/she has stomach problems or feels like he/she needs to throw up. - is shaking, trembling, or states he/she is tingling. - feels out of control. - says he/she feels unreal. - states he/she is afraid they are dying or going crazy. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 44 CRISIS FIRST AID FOR PANIC ATTACKS 1. If you are unsure if it is a panic attack call an ambulance. 2. If you are sure it is a panic attack, move the person to a quiet, safe place. 3. Help to calm the person by encouraging slow, deep relaxed breathing. 4. Be a good listener without judging. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 45 CRISIS FIRST AID FOR PANIC ATTACKS (cont’d) 5. Explain they are having a panic attack and it is not life threatening. 6. Explain that the attack will soon stop and they will recover. 7. Assure the person someone will stay with them and keep them safe until the attack stops. Whatever type of attack it is, the first aid for a conscious person is to keep them as calm as possible with slow, deep breathing. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 46 Symptoms/Behaviors of OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER The person: - has upsetting thoughts or images in their mind that are repeated again and again. - feels like he/she can’t stop these thoughts or images, even though they want to. - has a hard time stopping doing these things again and again, like: counting, checking on things, washing hands, re-arranging objects, doing things until it feels right, collecting useless objects. - worries a lot about terrible things that could happen if they not careful. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 47 Possible Causes of Anxiety Disorders Some people are more likely than others to react with anxiety when they feel threatened: People with a more sensitive emotional nature who tend to see the world as threatening People who have had a difficult childhood (physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, over-strictness) Gender (females are more prone to anxiety) Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 48 Possible Causes of Anxiety Disorders cont’d Some medical conditions are frequently associated with anxiety symptoms: hyperthyroidism vitamin B12 deficiency seizures cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias Certain prescription drugs: consult doctor if concerned Other non-prescription drugs: Caffeine Cocaine, LSD, ecstasy and speed Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 49 Anxiety, Depression and Alcohol These three disorders often occur together. Anxiety can be coupled with depression, and either can also be coupled with abuse of alcohol or other drugs. Often the drug and alcohol abuse is an attempt to manage the symptoms of the other disorder(s). However, ongoing abuse of alcohol can lead to serious problems even after the mental health issues have been treated. It is important to be honest with your doctor about any and all symptoms you might be experiencing. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 50 HOW TO TALK TO PERSON WHO HAS EXPERIENCED A TRAUMATIC EVENT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Let person tell their story if they wish but do not push them to do so. Be a patient and empathetic listener and don’t give a lot of advice. Reassure that stress reactions are normal responses to abnormal events. Encourage the person to share their feelings with others. Advise the person not to use alcohol or drugs to cope. If the stress reaction persists for more than a month, encourage person to seek professional help. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 51 Being a Good Listener We need to use listening skills so that the anxious person can talk freely and comfortably about problems without feeling judged. Attitudes Accept the person exactly as they are. Make no moral judgment about the situation. Verbal skills Listen without interrupting, minimal prompts and long pauses are OK. Pay attention. Check you understand what is said – restate, clarify. Summarize facts and feelings. Non-verbal skills (body language) Be attentive. Keep eye contact comfortable. Open body , not directly opposite. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 52 Self-Help Strategies Some self-help strategies have proven therapeutic effects for anxiety disorders. Anxiety are best overcome by confronting fears rather than avoiding them. Exercise regularly and get enough sleep. Support groups can be very helpful. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 53 What Helps Anxiety? Medication Therapy Relaxation Therapy Meditation Physical Exercise CBT self-help books Acupuncture Music for relaxation Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 54 Slow-Breathing Technique Hold your breath and count to 6 (don’t take a deep breath). When you get to 6, breathe out and say the word “relax” to yourself in a calm soothing manner. Breathe in and out slowly in a six-second cycle. Breathe in for three seconds and out for three seconds. This will produce a breathing rate of 10 breaths per minute. Say the word “relax” to yourself every time you breathe out. Breathe in a smooth and light manner. Make sure you breathe through your nose and use your abdomen rather than chest muscles. At the end of each minute (after 10 breaths) hold your breath again for 6 seconds and then continue breathing in the six-second cycle. Continue breathing in this way until all the symptoms of over-breathing have gone. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 55 Let’s summarize what we’ve learned about anxiety • It is the most common form of mental health disorder in the US. • Responding to a panic attack can be as simple as staying calm, and taking slow deep breaths. • There are many causes of anxiety disorders. They are not caused by weakness of character. • There are many effective self-help strategies for managing mild anxiety. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Part three: What are symptoms of psychosis? Psychosis is a state in which a person has lost some contact with reality. There may be severe disturbances in thinking, emotion, and behavior. Psychotic symptoms are not as common as symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 57 Observing psychosis in someone can be frightening. Our culture and history reflect this fear. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 58 Common conditions associated with Psychosis Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder- manic phase Depression Schizoaffective disorder Drug-induced psychosis- refers to hallucinations associated with alcohol or drug abuse. Other physical causes: such as post-partum depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, AIDS, nutritional deficiency, stroke, and brain tumors. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 59 Disordered thoughts (Delusions) Delusions are false beliefs. Common delusions might be: • Belief that the person is someone famous or important such as the Virgin Mary, or a famous movie star. • Belief that someone is monitoring the person by secretly listening into their home, or observing them through hidden cameras. • Belief that something very dangerous or important is about to happen, such as the end of the world. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Disordered perceptions (Hallucinations) Hallucinations involve false information received through one of the five senses. Hallucinations might involve: • Auditory (the most common kind of hallucination). The person may hear voices telling him/her negative or frightening things. • Visual hallucinations involve seeing people or other disturbing images. • Unusual sensations such as spiders crawling on the skin, or unusual smells may be experienced. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Common Symptoms When Psychosis is Developing Changes in thinking and perception ▣Difficulties with concentration or attention ▣Sense of alteration of self, others or the outside world e.g., feeling that self or others have changed or are acting different in some way, or depersonalization. ▣Strange ideas or beliefs ▣Unusual perceptual experiences - Senses may become more acute or blunted. Changes in behavior ▣Sleep disturbance ▣Social isolation or withdrawal ▣Reduced ability to carry out work and social roles Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 62 Symptoms of Schizophrenia* Schizophrenia literally means “fractured mind.” Mental function changes and thoughts and perceptions become disordered. Schizophrenia is not a constant or static condition and people can recover. Most common symptoms: Delusions Hallucinations Thinking difficulties Loss of drive Blunted emotions Social withdrawal *Note: there are many sub-categories of schizophrenia Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 63 Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder* Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings. A person has periods of depression and mania and normal mood. A person must have episodes of both depression and mania. *There are many subcategories of bipolar disorder and other mood disorders Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 64 Common Symptoms during a manic phase Increased energy and overactivity- very busy, high productivity Elated mood- feeling extremely happy Need less sleep than usual- sometimes not sleeping at all Irritability Rapid thinking and speech- thoughts racing, talking a “mile a minute” Lack of inhibitions- engaging in impulsive behavior such as sexual activity, gambling, spontaneous travel Grandiose delusions- believing they are writing a great novel, believing they are a religious figure Lack of insight- not recognizing the pattern of the symptoms Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 65 Treatment for Psychotic Disorders • The initial symptoms of these disorders can be quite disturbing. However, effective treatments are available. • Medications are available which will reduce or eliminate delusions and hallucinations. • Counseling, along with medication, is the usual strategy when a person is newly diagnosed. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Most people experiencing psychosis are not dangerous to others. However, sometimes their delusions cause them to believe that they are under attack and need to defend themselves. What to do if a Psychotic Person Appears Threatening 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Do not get involved physically. This will seem like an attack, and may cause them to fight back. Call the police. Try to create a calm, non-threatening atmosphere. Try to get the person to sit down. Do not try to reason with, or argue with acute psychosis. Express empathy for the person’s emotional distress. Comply with reasonable requests. Adopt a neutral stance and a safe position. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 67 Let’s summarize what we’ve learned about psychosis • People with psychosis are far less likely to be a danger to others than they are to be a danger to themselves. • Psychosis is a symptom that is linked to several mental health disorders. • There are many causes of psychosis. It is not caused by weakness of character. • If a person is experiencing delusions and/or hallucinations the best response is to stay calm and supportive, and send for help if needed. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Being a Good Listener ▣Listen without judging the person as weak. ▣Do not be critical of the person. ▣Don’t give flippant advice. ▣Avoid confrontation. ▣Speak calmly, clearly, and in short sentences. ▣Do not argue with the person. ▣Accept the delusions and hallucinations are real for the person but do not pretend they are real for you. ▣Do not try to humor the person. ▣Do not make promises you can not keep. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 69 Part four: What are Substance Use Disorders? Using alcohol or drugs does not mean a person has a substance use disorder. Substance use disorders include dependence, use that leads to problems at work or home and/or causes damage to health. Alcohol use disorders are 3 times as common as drug use disorders. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 70 How much is too much? Men who drink 5 or more standard drinks in a day (or 15 or more per week) and women who drink 4 or more in a day (or 8 or more per week) are at increased risk for alcohol-related problems. About 3 in 10 U.S. adults drink at levels that increase their risk for physical, mental health and social problems. All heavy drinkers have a greater risk for hypertension, GI bleeding, sleep disorders, major depression, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver and several cancers. Heavy drinking often goes undetected by primary care doctors. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 71 A Standard Drink… Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Problem Drinking Comes in a Range of Severity There are two main disorders: 1. Alcohol abuse 2. Alcohol dependence Alcohol abuse is less severe but can lead to one of four problems: physically risky behavior (drinking and driving, drinking and using machinery), interpersonal problems (trouble with family and friends, getting into fights), “role failures” at home, school or work (unable to take care of family, job troubles, school problems), and legal troubles (arrest, held at a police station). Alcohol dependence is characterized by preoccupation with drinking, inability to cut back, and symptoms of physical need and withdrawal. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 73 Categories of Drugs Stimulants: - increase alertness, energy, physical activity, and feelings of well-being. Depressants: - decrease body processes such as breathing, heart rate, and brain activity. Psychedelics/Hallucinogens: - can cause visual, auditory, and other sensory hallucinations. Narcotics: - Opiate based pain killers. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Marijuana Street Names: weed, pot, reefer, bud, dope, grass, herb, Mary Jane Overview: Cannabis plant Active Ingredient: THC Technically a hallucinogen; has stimulant and depressant qualities Schedule I Drug (in Florida) Medical Uses: Cancer, HIV/AIDS, glaucoma (MARINOL) Appearance: Green leafy buds, hash oil Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Marijuana • THC can be stored in the body from 14-30 days. It will show up in urinalysis testing during this time. • A drug is addictive if it causes compulsive, often uncontrollable drug craving, seeking, and use even in the face of negative health and social consequences. Marijuana meets this criterion. More than 120,000 people enter treatment per year for their primary marijuana addiction. In addition, animal studies suggest marijuana causes physical dependence, and some people report withdrawal symptoms. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Marijuana • Safety Concerns: ▣ Smoke contains 400 toxins and cancer causing chemicals. ▣ Smoking one joint is as harmful as smoking 4-5 regular cigarettes. ▣ Continuing to smoke can lead to abnormal functioning of lung tissue resulting in damaged or destroyed cells. ▣ Lower testosterone levels and sperm count. Reduces ability for reproduction and leads to possible birth defects. ▣ May aggravate depression. ▣ Increases heart rate to dangerous levels. ▣ Reduces the bodies ability to fight off illnesses causing users to get sick more often. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Possible Causes of Substance Use Disorders More is known about the causes of alcohol problems: Availability and tolerance of alcohol in society Social factors: being encouraged to drink Genetic predisposition: alcoholism runs in families Alcohol sensitivity Learning from the behavior of others Other mental disorders such as depression Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 78 How to Help if a Person has Overdosed ..and the person is unconscious: 1. Keep person’s airway clear. 2. Phone 911 for an ambulance. 3. Try to find out what substances have been used. 4. Keep the person warm. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 79 How to Help if a Person has Overdosed …and the person is conscious: 1. Phone 911 or the Poison Control Center 1-800-222-1222 2. Do not give the person any food or fluids unless told to by a health professional. 3. Reassure the person. 4. Try to find out what substances have been used. 5. Keep the person warm. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 80 Helpful Things to Say When You’re Concerned about Someone’s Drug or Alcohol Use: I know you’re struggling and I want to help. I understand that using alcohol/drugs can make it seem like things are better for a while, but has it begun to cause problems at work or in your family? If so, it may be time to talk to your doctor or a mental health professional. Substance use problems are very common. Sometimes, people use alcohol/drugs to cope with feelings of depression or anxiety. There are lots of different ways to get help. Let's talk about what might be comfortable for you. I believe in you and have faith that you can get through this. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 81 Encourage the Person to Get Appropriate Professional Help Doctors – Primary Care Physicians Psychiatrists, mental health, and substance abuse professionals Family, friends and faith community network Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 82 Self-Help Groups Join Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, etc. Support groups for families: AL-ANON, Alateen, Adult Children of Alcoholics Church-based support groups Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare 83 Let’s summarize what we’ve learned about substance abuse • A person can have a problem with alcohol even if they only drink beer. • Drug/alcohol abuse, depression, and anxiety can often happen at the same time. • There are many causes of substance abuse problems. They are not caused by weakness of character. • “Passing out” from drug or alcohol abuse can be a serious and life-threatening situation. Emergency help may be needed. Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Part five: Where to Get Help Private Practitioners & Private Agencies For those with medical insurance, the best method for finding help is to call the referral number on the back of their insurance card. The insurance company can then direct them to a specialist who can address their specific need. Seminole Behavioral Healthcare staff are always available to you 24/7 at (407) 323-2036 or www.SeminoleCares.org Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare National Resources • The American Psychological Association has resources available at www.APAHelpCenter.org • Alcoholics Anonymous has telephone and meeting information at www.aa.org • The 24 hour domestic violence hotline can be reached at: 1(800) 799-SAFE or www.ndvh.org • The 24 hour suicide prevention hotline can be reached at: 1(800) 273-TALK (8255) Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare To Learn More To learn more about these disorders, as well as other emotional and behavioral health problems, please consider certification in Mental Health First Aid. This 12 hour interactive course is available through Seminole Behavioral Healthcare, as well as many locations around the world. To learn more about Mental Health First Aid, please follow the link on our website: www.SeminoleCares.org Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Seminole Behavioral Healthcare Please contact us with any questions or concerns: 237 Fernwood Blvd Fern park, Florida 32730 (407) 323-2036 (24 hr. number) www.seminolecares.org www.seminoleceu.org Copyright 2012 Seminole Behavioral Healthcare References Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Kim, C., & Tureck, G. (2004). Psychiatric diagnosis in 3275 suicides: A meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 4, 37. Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Witton, J., & Murray, R.M. (2004). Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: Examination of the evidence. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 110-117. Arsenealt, L., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Taylor, P.J., & Silva, P.A. (2000). Mental disorders and violence in a total birth cohort: Results from the Dunedin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 979-986. 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