FOREIGN POLICY IN THE EARLY
1960S
Chapter 28
Section 3
PAGE 807
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
 Fidel
Castro seize power of Cuba in
1959
 He promised to improve the lives of
poor people
Claimed that the wealthy Cubans and
the U.S. companies were exploiting
the poor.
Bay of Pigs Continued
 Castro
seized all private
property
 In response the U.S breaks
all ties with Cuba
 Does not recognize Castro as
the leader
Bay of Pigs Continued
 Cuba
develops ties with the
Soviet Union.
 Americans feared that this
would lead to chaos in Latin
America.
Bay of Pigs Continued …
 CIA-
Central Intelligence Agency
– Training
Cuban opponents
of Castro to overthrow
Castro
– Americans were against this
Bay of Pigs Continued …
 Despite
negative approval, Kennedy
pushed ahead.
 The Bay of Pigs invasion – April 17,
1961 was a total disaster. See link
for additional information:
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/histor
y/A0806555.html
The Outcome

The invasion
provoked anti-U.S.
demonstrations
The Outcome
 Latin
America criticize the
U.S. for
 President Kennedy for not
using air support
The Outcome
U.S
gave millions in
food and medicine in
return for the P.O.W.s
The Berlin Crisis
After WWII Germany had been divided
into four territories. Each one was
controlled by the Allies.
 The Western regions had been
combined into one nation, West
Germany
 This increased cold war tensions

The Berlin Crisis continued…
 The
Soviets wanted to stop the
flow of East Germans to West
Germany which they traveled
through Berlin.
 The Soviets made an ultimatum that
pushed Kennedy to act.
Kennedy’s Action
1.
2.
3.
4.
Increase 3 billion for defense
Doubled the number of young men
being drafted into the armed services.
Called up the reserve forces for active
duty.
Used 200 million to build fallout
shelters across the country.
Berlin Crisis continued …


The Soviet Union responded by building the
Berlin wall.
This became a symbol of the cold war.
The Cuban Missile Crisis



A spy plane showed pictures of missiles being
built on Cuban soil.
Missiles were a direct challenge to the U.S. in
which we must respond.
Throughout the crisis nuclear warheads on
both sides were pointed and ready for use.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
continued…
 Kennedy
delivered a speech that
demanded that the Soviets
remove the missiles.
 Authorized a “quarantine” around
Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis
 All
ships wanting to dock in Cuba
were searched by the U.S navy.
 Ships that were headed into
Cuba from the Soviet Union
were suddenly reversed in
direction.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
continued…



Khrushchev sent a letter to Kennedy
promising to remove the missiles if Kennedy
promised to end the quarantine.
They also wanted the U.S to remove its
missiles from Turkey in exchange for the
removal of the missiles in Cuba.
The crisis ended.
The Outcome



The world was closer to a nuclear war than
ever before.
Kennedy emerged as a hero, his reputation
improved.
Reduce the risk of nuclear war.
– A Hot line is established for discussion in
the event or further crisis.
– The limited Ban Treaty- banned nuclear
testing above the ground.
Alliance for progress




1961
Goal is to promote “peaceful revolution” in
developing countries.
Purpose- to encourage countries to ally
themselves with democratic countries
instead of with the Soviet Union.
To counter pro-Communist revolutionary
movements in Latin America, Asia, and
Africa
Alliance for progress continued …

Needed cooperation from European countries
to satisfy the basic needs of North, Central and
South America such as:
–
–
–
–
–
homes
work
land
health
schools
The Peace Corps



1961
Send volunteers abroad as educators, health
workers, and technicians to developing
countries
Volunteers jobs are
–
–
to raise the standard of living in poor areas
Work with the local governments to provide services
such as clean water
Johnson’s Foreign Policy


Johnson wrongly assumed that problems in the
Dominican Republic were caused by
Communist elements.
22,000 marines were sent to end the
disruption.
Vietnam




Ongoing conflict between Communist North and non
Communist South Vietnam.
Johnson was determine to prevent the spread of
communism
Gave economic aid to South Vietnamese government
and opposed more direct U.S. involvement in his 1964
campaign for reelection.
By 1965, more troops and money was sent to aid the
government.