Warm Up
Research and discuss common
vocabulary words. Write
definitions and meanings in the
box.
JOHN F. KENNEDY (1961-1963)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=7vU
BdJPk-VA&feature=fvwp
How was the Cold War intensified under John F. Kennedy ?
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)- was an unsuccessful military invasion
of Cuba undertaken by the paramilitary group Brigade 2506 in April
1961 . A counter-revolutionary militia trained and funded by the
United States government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic
Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow
the revolutionary leftist government of President Osvaldo Dorticós
Torrado. Launched from Guatemala, the invading force was
defeated by the Cuban armed forces, under the command of Prime
Minister Fidel Castro, within three days .
Plan was put together by the
CIA and Eisenhower’s
administration. Kennedy
went along with the plan.
GO TO YOUR READ- A -LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH
YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
What was the goal of the
Bay Of Pigs Invasion?
The failed invasion strengthened the position of Castro's
administration, who proceeded to openly proclaim their intention
to adopt socialism and strengthen ties with the Soviet Union,
leading to the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. The
invasion was a major embarrassment for U.S. foreign policy, with
Kennedy ordering a number of internal investigations. Across
much of Latin America, it was celebrated as evidence of the
fallibility of U.S. imperialism.
Kennedy doesn’t trust the CIA after this blows up in his face.
GO TO YOUR READ- A -LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH
YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
How did the outcome of
the Bay Of Pigs Invasion
effect politics in Cuba and
the U.S.?
REMEMBER THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE?
 We had put missiles in Turkey which were pointed at USSR.
However, the U.S. does not make that public.
 In retaliation, the U.S.S.R. put missiles in Cuba.
WE HAVE A BIG PROBLEM WITH SOVIET
MISSILES IN CUBA!
In addition to the embargo we placed on Cuban goods. The U.S.
also places a military blocked around Cuba to prevent the Soviet’s
from giving support to Cuba.
Soviet’s send their Atlantic
ships to help Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis – During the October 1962 crisis, President
John F. Kennedy warned Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev that an
attack launched on the United States from missiles based in Cuba
would be considered an attack from the Soviet Union.
The military leaders are encouraging Kennedy to invade Cuba.
However, if the U.S. invades Cuba
then the U.S.S.R. would respond. Then
allies of both countries would have to
responded. And if we all were to go to war
this would be another world war. Expect with
the nuclear weapons it would be what
historians call mutually assured destruction .
 For the next 13 days, the U.S. and Soviet tensions are at an all
time high.
 JFK enlists the behind the scenes help of his brother, Attorney
General Robert (Bobby) Kennedy to help figure out a way to end
this crisis without war. So Bobby and Soviet Prime Minister
Dmitry Polyansky make an agreement that the U.S. will take
missiles out of Turkey.
 Also, that the Soviets will not make this public for 6 months. By
that time Americans will not care very much.
In 1963 Kennedy secured a nuclear test -ban treaty with the Soviets.
Direct communication between the White House and the Kremlin
was enacted so the nations’ leaders could communicate in times of
crisis. The Soviet Union was forced to remove missiles from Cuba
against the wishes of Fidel Castro.
A red telephone known as the Hotline is
installed in the White House and
Moscow. Allowing for direct
communication between leaders in the
US and Russia, it connected directly
with the Kremlin.
Kennedy addresses the
American people and get to
be the hero for ending this
crisis.
GO TO YOUR READ- A -LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH
YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
What were 3 effects of
the Cuban Missile Crisis?
HOW COLD WAR TENSIONS WERE INTENSIFIED
Space Race – began with the Soviet launch of SPUTNIK I in 1957.
The Soviet Union launch of the first spacecraft to orbit the Earth
led to the creation of NASA (National Aeronautics and Space
Administration) and increased funding for math and science
education as the U.S. strived to become and remain
technologically superior.
 The first U.S. spacecraft to orbit the Earth was Friendship 7,
manned by John Glenn, February 20, 1962.
GO TO YOUR READ- A -LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH
YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
How did the Soviet
Launch of Sputnik in
1957 change policy in
America?
MAN ON THE MOON
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts0NlypZnFw
Apollo 11
moon landing
20 July 1969
GO TO YOUR READ- A -LONG PAGE. DISCUSS WITH
YOUR PARTNER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:
Why did the U.S. decide to
begin joining international
organizations and seek
treaties with others?
Hint: Look at the Pros and Cons of
joining international organizations from
last week.
Kennedy and
the Berlin Wall Speech
June 26, 1963
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK907TwM7q0
FUN FACT
There is a misconception that Kennedy made a risible error by
saying Ich bin ein Berliner (emphasis added): the claim is made
that Kennedy referred to himself not as a "citizen of Berlin" but
as a "jelly doughnut", known in Berlin as a " Pfannkuchen" but
elsewhere as "Berliner". Kennedy should, supposedly, have
said Ich bin Berliner to mean "I am a person from Berlin", and
so adding the indefinite article ein to his statement implied he
was a non-human Berliner, thus, "I am a jelly doughnut"
HOW WAS THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIES AND
EDUCATION AFFECTED BY COLD WAR
SPENDING?
 Cold War fueled businesses,
especially high tech industries and
research and development (e.g.,
Rand Corp.) and steadily increased
government defense spending.
 Cold War led to creation of a huge
national security apparatus
 Military Industrial Complex and
weapons of mass destruction, NASA,
Space Race
 NDEA – National Defense Education
Act (passed in 1958) in response to
the launching of Sputnik by the
Soviet Union (education priorities
were focused on math and science)