Charts and Graphs
Gantt Chart
Pert Chart
Introduction to Microsoft Project
Work breakdown structure
1
Introduction
 These charts are used for
1.Strategic Management
2.Project Management
 Project Management
Application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques for project activities in order to meet
or exceed stakeholder needs and expectation
from a project.
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Introduction
Helps project manager and team in term of
Scope management
Time management
Cost management
Quality management
 Charts for project scheduling
Gantt Chart, also known as (Time Line Charts)
 PERT chart (Evaluation Review Technique)network diagram.
3
Gantt Chart
 A Gantt chart is a graphical representation of the
duration of tasks against the progression of time.
 useful tools for planning and scheduling projects.
 allow you to assess how long a project should take.
 lay out the order in which tasks need to be carried
out.
 help manage the dependencies between tasks.
 determine the resources needed.
4
Advantages
Gantt charts are useful tools when a
project is under way.
monitor progress. You can immediately
see what should have been achieved at a
point in time.
Show how remedial action may bring the
project back on course.
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Gantt Chart
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PERT chart
 "PERT" developed by the United States
Department of Defense as a management
tool for complex military projects is an
acronym for "Program Evaluation and
Review Technique".
 This technique was soon adapted for used in
educational research and evaluation.
Through PERT, complex projects can be
blueprinted as a network of activities and
events (Activity Network Diagram).
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PERT chart
 It is used for project scheduling. Pert charts
allow software planners, or individuals to:
Determine the critical path a project must follow.
Critical path is the longest overall duration,
determining the shortest time to complete the
project
Establish most likely time estimates for individual
task by applying statistical models.
Calculate boundary times that define a time
‘window’ for a particular task.
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Project Management Software
 Among the project management software
used to create charts and graph are:
Microsoft Project
Microsoft Visio
10
Microsoft Project
Ikon Microsoft Project
11
Title Bar
Menu
Bar
Tool Bar
Entry Bar
Entry Table View
View Bar
Status Bar
Gantt Chart View
12
Microsoft Project-Gantt Charts
 Gantt charts provide a standard format for
displaying project schedule information by listing
project activities and their corresponding start
and finish dates in a calendar format
 Symbols include:
A black diamond: milestones or significant events on a
project with zero duration
Thick black bars: summary tasks
Lighter horizontal bars: tasks
Arrows: dependencies between tasks
13
Creating a Gantt Chart
 The Gantt chart is constructed with a
horizontal axis representing the total time
span of the project, broken down into
increments (days, weeks, or months).
 constructed with a vertical axis representing
the tasks that make up the project and
constructed with a graph area which
contains horizontal bars for each task
connecting the period start and period
ending symbols.
14
The Gantt chart also has variants such as:
 Milestones: important checkpoints or interim
goals for a project
Resources: for team projects, it often helps to
have an additional column containing numbers
or initials which identify who on the team is
responsible for the task
15
Status: the projects progress, the chart is
updated by filling in the task's bar to a length
proportional to the amount of work that has
been finished
Dependencies: an essential concept that some
activities are dependent on other activities
being completed first
16
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Task List
Time line
Milestone
Sub Task
18
Extra Notes
Starting Microsoft Project
 Start a new file
Click Menu File and then New
19
To enter details of the project
•Click Menu File
•then Properties
•Enter details on:
•Title
•Subject
•Author
•Manager
•Company
•Category
•Keywords
20
Creating a Gantt Chart
Click on Gantt Chart icon
Click on
Gantt Chart
21
Entering Tasks
Enter task name in Task Name and determine
the timeline using Duration, Start and Finish
Date
Enter
details here
22
Entering tasks
List of tasks
23
Entering sub tasks

There two ways: :
i. Indent. Click on the starting of task name and
drag to the right
ii. Using the buttons
24
Indent
25
Task Dependency Types
26
Connecting one tasks with another
27
Connecting Tasks
 Connecting Tasks
 Highlight Two tasks that is going to be connected
 Click Edit.
 Click Link Task
 Determining the dependency type
 FS,
 SF,
 SS,
 FF
 Double click on the first task
 Click Tab Predecessor. Select the task name in the
drop-down menu. Choose the dependency type.
28
Determining the dependency type
Chose the dependency type
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Milestone
 Milestone
Normally show the event
The time period is usually 0 or 1 day only..
Example: Start Project, End Project
Double click on the cell. Choose Tab Advance
and Mark Task As Milestone.
30
Milestone
Tab Advanced
Mark here
31
Time scale
 To change the Time scale
 For example days, weeks, months
1. Click on Format.
2. Choose Timescale.
3. Choose the time scale unit desired
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Time Scale
•
33
Gantt Chart View
 To update the Gantt chart view
Click Format.
Click on Gantt Chart Wizard to show
1.Critical Path
2.Date
3.Resources
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35
36
•
Date
Critical Path
37
Work Breakdown Structure
a results-oriented family tree that captures
all the work of a project in an organized
way
portrayed graphically as a hierarchical
tree, tabular list of "element" and tasks or
the indented task list that appears in Gantt
chart schedule
38
Work Breakdown Structure
39
PERT Chart
Microsoft Project
40
Starting Pert Chart in Ms Project
 Click on View.
 Choose PERT Chart or
 Click on PERT Chart icon on the left
side of Ms Project window
41
Pert Components
 PERT has two main components:
1. Arrows
2. Node/ field
Every node has information on task name, task ID,
duration, start, finish and resources
 Arrows shows the activities flow
 Every arrows is possible to have crictical path.
 2 format:
AoA (ADM) = activity-on-arrow (arrow
diagramming method)
AoN (PDM) = activity-on-node (precedence
diagramming method)
42
Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) Network Diagram
for Project X
43
Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)
Known as activity-on-arrow (AOA)
Every activities is presented by arrows
Node shows the starting and finishing date
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ACTIVITY - ON – ARROW (AoA) NETWORK
The advantages are :
 Show the project’s time length
 Show the activities which the starting point and end
point are flexible or can be edited without changing
the project’s time length - float.
1
A
2
B
E
4
6
F
C
3
D
5
G
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Precedence Diagramming
Method (PDM)
Activities are presented by boxes
Arrows show the dependency between
activities
More popular compared to ADM (AOA)
Better in showing different types of
dependencies
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Creating PERT Chart
 Creating PERT chart
Determine the activities
Determine the flow of the activities
Estimate the time for each activities
Prepare a time-scale chart for activities to
determine the critical path
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Example: Precedence Diagramming Method
(PDM) Network Diagram for Project X
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Critical Path
 The flow of activities that must be
completed in order to complete the whole
project
The delay in critical path will delayed the
whole project.
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Simple Example of Determining the
Critical Path
 Consider the following project network diagram.
Assume all times are in days.
C=2
start
1
A=2
2
B=5
4
E=1
3
6
D=7
5
finish
F=2
a. How many paths are on this network diagram?
b. How long is each path?
c. Which is the critical path?
d. What is the shortest amount of time needed to
complete this project?
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Determining the Critical Path for
Project X
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PERT Estimates
Activity Estimate = ((Optimistic Time + (4 x Most Likely Time) + Pessimistic Time))
6
n
Total Expected Time of Project =  Activity Estimates
i=1
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Activity Analysis for PERT
Activity
Predecessor
Optimistic
Estimates
(Days)
(a)
Most Likely
Estimates
(Days)
(b)
Pessimistic
Estimates
(Days)
(c)
Expected
Duration
(a+4b+c)
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A
None
1
2
4
2.2
B
A
3
5
8
5.2
C
B
2
4
5
3.8
D
B
2
3
6
3.3
E
B
1
1
1
1.0
F
C,D
2
4
6
4.0
G
D,E
2
3
4
3.0
H
F,G
1
2
5
2.3
I
G
4
5
9
5.5
J
H,I
.5
1
3
1.3
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Possible PERT Activity Paths
Possible Paths
Path
Total
Path 1
A+B+C+F+H+J
18.8
2.2+5.2+3.8+4.0+2.3+1.3
Path 2
A+B+D+F+H+J
18.3
2.2+5.2+3.3+4.0+2.3+1.3
Path 3
A+B+D+G+H+J
18.6
2.2+5.2+3.3+3.0+2.3+1.3
Path 4
A+B+D+G+I+J
20.5*
2.2+5.2+3.3+3.0+5.5+1.3
Path 5
A+B+E+G+I+J
18.2
2.2+5.2+1.0+3.0+5.5+1.3
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