Cell Organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Parts
• Cells – the basic unit
of life
• Organelles - small
structures inside a
cell with specific
functions.
Analogy – City of Rocklin
1) Cell Membrane/Plasma
Membrane
Cell
membrane
Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting
the cell. Allows material to pass through pores (holes).
Analogy – Gowanda village limits
2) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Cell Wall
1. Function: Provides support for the cell and
the plant.
2. Structure:rigid and stiff
Analogy – ground, rock wall
3) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Chloroplasts
1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting
sunlight and carbondioxide into sugar).
2. Structure: contains green chlorophyll
Analogy – Solar Panels
4) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
1. Function: Fills the cell and cushions the organelles
that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Gel-like
Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Gowanda, except
City Hall
5) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER
1. Function: Transportation route for proteins.
a. Rough ER: has ribosomes
b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes
2. Structure: tubes and channels
Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks
6) Golgi Apparatus
Golgi
Apparatus
1. Function: Processes, Packages, labels and
ships proteins.
-near ER
Analogy – Post Office
7) Lysosomes
Lysosomes
1. Function: packets of digestive enzymes that
break down materials in a cell.
- In animal cells
Analogy – Recycling center
8) Mitochondria
Mitochondria
1. Function: Produce energy for the cell using
oxygen and “food”– site of cellular respiration.
“The Powerhouse”
-in all cells
Analogy – electric plant
9) Nucleus
Nucleus
1. Function: “Control Center.” Holds genetic
material.
2. Structure: has a membrane and strands of
DNA-chromatin, and nucleolus
Analogy – City Hall
9a) Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear
Envelope
1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the
nucleus.
Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall
9b) Nucleolus
Nucleolus
1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to
make all proteins.
2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from
DNA
Analogy – The Mayor
9c) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (chromatin)
1. Function: information on how to make
proteins.
a. Chromatin – strands of DNA (normal state)
b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before
cell division)
Analogy – The Laws or City Code
10) Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Free
Ribosomes
1. Function: Makes proteins.
2. Structure: small circular organelles
Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
11) Vacuoles & Vesicles
Vesicles
1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or
waste.
Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.
YOU WILL LEARN THESE
LATER…..
Centrioles (Animals Only)
Centrioles
1. Function: microtubules that help divide the
cell during cell division.
Cilia & Flagella
Flagella
Flagella
Cilia
1. Function: provides movement for the cell or
objects moving by the cell.
2. Structure:
a. Flagella – 1 long fiber
b. Cilia – many short fibers
Analogy – Cars or bicycles.
Cell Parts Analogy
• Create an analogy (besides the city
analogy) for the cell and its parts
• Possible ideas:
– Stadium
– School
– Country
– Restaurant
– House
– Mall
– Waterpark
Stadium Example:
•
•
•
•
Cell membrane: wall of stadium, gates
Cytoplasm: everything inside the stadium.
Nucleus: the control room for the stadium.
Etc…