Deforestation
BY: Chelsea
Crockwell
This
will three
discuss
the three
ToPresentation
Understand the
pyramids
pyramids
thatfirst
explain
food chains,
you must
understand
someand
in depthterms
what is
deforestation
and
definitions. and the
effects it has.
ENVIORNMENT
Nicheis the
AnAn
ECOSYSTEM
is an“role”
ecological
which
ENVIORNMENT
is each
theunit
conditions
includes
every single
organism
that lives in a
organism
has
in
the
•that
ABIOTICnon
living
surround
analso
organism;
this
particular
area
;
and
includes
all
the non
environment
which
it
lives
in;
•
BIOTICliving
includes
biotic
and abiotic
living
features
of thefactors
local environment
.
where and when it feeds, what
factors.
REMEMBER
THESE
TWOactivities.
TERMS!!
it eats and
its daily
 Energy that is stored in plants are
transferred into other organisms
in the ecosystem along food
chains.
 Food chains can be expressed as
pyramids. There are three types of
pyramids. They are: Pyramids of
Numbers, Pyramids of Biomass and
Pyramids of Energy.
 Each link within a food chain is
called trophic level.
 The area of each block
within each pyramid
expresses the size of the
tropic level.
PYRAMID OF NUMBERS
 Pyramids of Numbers show the
numbers of the different organisms
present in the community of a
particular ecosystem. This pyramid is
the easiest to produce due to that fact
that you are simply counting the
organisms that are seen.
 This however is not reliable and often
gives a non-symmetrical pyramid. This
happens due to the presence of small
numbers of large organisms and vice
versa. An example would be that
there are more caterpillars then there
are trees.
 Pyramids of Biomass are pyramids
that measure the dry mass of an
organism. Doing this will allow the
production of a pyramid structure
that is always symmetrical and always
drawn to scale. The units of
measurement for this type of pyramid
are kilograms per square meter
(kg/m2).
 Although this type a pyramid give such
accurate results; gathering the raw
data is difficult because it involves
killing the organism to obtain the data.
PYRAMID OF ENERGY
 Pyramids of Energy like its name
measures the amount of energy that
is present within the organism; the
 How
does
each pyramid measure the data, and
units being kilojoules
per
square
what
may be encountered doing so?
-2yr-1problems
meter per year (kJm
).
 Which pyramid has the best method of
collection and measuring data? Why?
 This set of data is extremely difficult
to collect and measure, but they give
the best picture of a food chain and
are always symmetrical. It is
beneficial because it gives more
accurate pyramids then the Pyramids
of Numbers and does not require
killing organisms to obtain data such
as Pyramids of Biomass.
Benefits
Forests include:

Forests
are of
extremely
important not only to provide a balance
 Absorption
of a oxygen
lot of rain
fallin
and
encouragement
of rain fall.
of carbon
dioxide and
levels
thethe
atmosphere,
but they
The recycling
minerals
biomass within
also
provide
habitatsoffor
wildlife,from
and being
wood living
and medicines
for trees
toeveryday
decomposing
soil.
modern
use. in
Therefore
deforestation abused causes
 Using
CO2 in thewhich
atmosphere
it tofor
oxygen.
extreme
loss the
of resources
can leadand
to converting
a lot of issues
Providing
preserving biodiversity, and medicines.
bothhuman
and and
wildlife.
 for
Problems
that occur due to Deforestation:
Reasons
deforestation:
 are
Nutrients
and minerals
 Trees
cut down
for the are loss due to the interruption of the cycle of
leaves of
falling
andand
decomposing.
production
paper
chip
 Wind erosion occurs because the land is exposed, and due to the fact
board.
that tree roots are no longer binding the soil together the soil structure
 Trees are cut down for the
weakens.
production
of timber.
 Areas are
susceptible to flooding due to the fact that forest absorbs the
 Woodlands
areofremoved
majority
rain fall. to
increase
arealeads
for to the extinction of wildlife, thus diminishing
 Losssurface
of habitats
agriculture.
biodiversity.
 Loss ofare
forest
means less
 Woodlands
removed
for transpiration hence less rain; this leads to
drought.
production
of modern
 Carbon dioxide levels increase thus contributing to global warming.
development.
 Loss of resources to provide and discover chemicals found in plants to
produce
medicines.
Within Britain
alone
forest coverage has decreased from being 85% to a
merely 8%.
Questions
What
to do NOW??
•
•
•
•
•
Timber production- growing wood specifically to cut down. Species that grow
quickly
such
as the
pinefelling
is typically
Thisof
method
thescale
amount
of forest
Explain
how
andused.
burning
trees reduces
on a large
could
to be felled.
affect the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere?
A traditional method of timber production is coppicing which is cutting trees like
sweet chestnut down to the base so it still sprouts.
For leisure management of woodlands can help tremendously by making habitats
Both
trees
and slow
growing
hardwood
trees
such rapidly-growing
as shrubs or leaving
decaying
leaf beds
that supply
habitats
forgrow
manyin
tropical
rainforest.
When
smalland
area
of trees
beennature
cut down
it can
organisms.
Also having
cleara paths
open
spaceshas
so that
and humans
can commune
in to
a balance.
return
naturally
being a tropical rain forest. Suggest and explain how reestablishment
rainforest
may occur
in such
areas?
Habitats can beof
conserved
by ecosystem
protecting areas.
Examples
of this
are national
parks, nature reserves; also restricting building permits on certain land,
restricting urban development, industrial development and farming.
Conversation of seed banks allows storage of seeds of different plant species.
This helps to conserve endangered plants and different varieties of plant species.
Reference Slide
Images
• A Review of Ecosystems Ecology (No Date) (Online Image)
Available from:
http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/oceanography/LecuturesOceanogr/LecEcosystem/LecEco
system.html
Accessed: 25th April 2011
• Ecology- Biomass Pyramids (No Date) (Online Image)
Available from:
http://buffonescience9.wikispaces.com/Unit+4+-+Ecology
Accessed: 26th April 2011
• Ecosystems-Components and classification of Ecosystems (16th February 2011) (Online
Image)
Available from:
http://www.environmentabout.com/734/ecosystems-components-and- classification-ofecosystems
Accessed: 26th April 2011
• Grasslands Ecosystems Food Pyramid (No Date) (Online Image)
Available from:
http://www.scienceart.com/image/?id=597&pagename=Grasslands_Ecosystem_Food_Pyramid
•
Murder is Everywhere (2nd May 2011) (Online Image)
Available from:
http://murderiseverywhere.blogspot.com/2011/05/trans-amazonian-highway.html
Accessed: 3rd May 2011
• Startup Ecosystems (9th April 2010) (online Image)
Available from:
http://www.andysalo.com/2010/04/09/startup-ecosystems/
Accessed: 26th April 2011
• Willows as a diverse habitat benefitting pollinator incest's in early spring (May 2011) (Online
Image)
Available From:
http://www.dave-cushman.net/bee/pollenthesis.html
Accessed: 3rd May 2011
Print
Exam Board AQA. CGP. “A2-Level Biology” New Castel: Coordination Group Publication Ltd. 2009.
38-39.Print.