Name:
Period:
SPINE UNIT
Chapter 9
Introduction:
1. Spinal cord injuries can be _____________ __________________________.
2. Most spinal cord injuries are in the ____________________ and
_____________________.
Anatomy Overview:
3. The spine is a __________________ structure with four segments.
Label The Structures On The Image To The Right.
a. _________________________ (Tailbone Area)
b. _________________________ (Lower Spine)
c. _________________________ (Middle Spine)
d. _________________________ (Upper Spine)
4. Normal Alignment and ______________________
__________________________ keep the spinal segments aligned properly.
5. The spine should have a normal ______________________ at each of these
areas.
a. Normal alignment is termed ______________________ spine.
b. This position is anatomically the ______________________.
Bones:
6. The bones in the spine are separated by ________ and held together
by _______________.
7. The ___________________ of the spine and trunk permit many
movements and also help ______________________the spine.
8. The bones of the spine are called ______________________.
9. There are ____ Cervical (C___- C___), ____ Thoracic (T___- T___), ____ Lumbar (L___L___), and ____ Sacral (S___- S___), which are fused together.
Name:
10. Although vertebrae differ there are similarities among them,
each vertebra has a _______________,
_____________________________, and _______________ (this
is where the spinal cord passes through).
Period:
11. The bony spinal column has several functions, which include:
a. ______________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________
Disks:
12. The intervertebral disks lie between the _______________ to absorb _______________ and
resist compression during physical activity.
a. These disks separate the vertebrae, which allows for movement and flexibility, as
well as provide space for nerves to exit the spinal cord and enter the rest of the
_______________.
13. A disk has two parts:
Label the 2 Disk Parts on the Image to the Right
a. A jelly-like core called the
______________________________________
b. Cartilage layers called
_________________________________________
14. The disks of the spine do not receive any blood supply; therefore, they do not have the
same healing potential as other tissues of the body.
15. The disks are compressible- gravity compresses the disks, thus with age an individual
becomes _______________.
Muscles and Tendons:
16. The muscles of the trunk and
neck attack to the spine by
_______________ and provide
movement and stability.
17. The _____________________
muscles are essential for
supporting trunk movements,
especially the rectus abdominis
and internal/external obliques.
Name:
Period:
a. The spinal extensors run the entire length of the spine posteriorly and attach to
various structures including the pelvis ribs and vertebrae.
b. These muscles work together to keep the body _____________________.
18. Cervical _____________________ is accomplished by the scalene muscles, which attach to
the cervical vertebrae and run down the first and second ribs (assisting with breathing.)
19. Cervical Side Bending and
_____________________ are accomplished by
the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which is
attached to the top of the sternum and runs up
the neck attaching just behind the ear. The
sternocleidomastoid rotates the head to the
direction opposite of the attachment.
Ligaments:
20. Many ligaments support the vertebral segments. The anterior aspect of the spine has a
thick, though ligament called the _____________________ _____________________
ligament that prevents bony separation during extension.
21. The posterior aspect also has the
____________________ _____________________
ligament running along the vertebra bodies, working
with the supraspinatus ligament to stabilize the
posterior aspect of the spine.
22. Other ligaments also provide support by running along
the transverse process of the vertebra.