What’s going on here?
Can you answer these questions?
• 1. Who or what was the picture about?
• This is the topic __________________
• 2. What are some of the details your recall from the
picture?
• 3. In one sentence, what is the point of the picture?
What is the artist trying to convey? What’s his main
objective or main point?
Here’s another look?
1. Topic: Did you say it was about a school fight?
2.
Details: Were these some details you saw?
– Young girl sitting on the bench outside the Principal’s office
– Girl has dirty knees, a black eye, disheveled hair, shirt pulled out
from skirt
– Girl looks quite happy and satisfied with herself
– Door to principal’s office is open – man in a chair, a woman standing
at beside his desk maybe the child’s mother
3. What’s the painter’s main idea? Was it about: A school girl
waiting to see the principal after she has had a fight at
school?
How important is the Main idea??
• It is the central point that a writer or speaker
makes and in essence summarizes the major
details
• Sometimes a writer states the main idea directly
OR
Sometimes the main idea is unstated
Where can you find the stated main
Idea?
• It can be anywhere in the passage.
• Where do you think it is most often found?
• What would be the second most likely location
for a stated main idea?
• When you are reading college textbooks the
main idea is stated about 50% of the time.
• Students should always mark the Main Idea when
reading a textbook.
FINDING THE STATED MAIN
IDEA
• Read the passage below from the EMT text Emergency
Care ( p. 197) employing the active reading strategies we
discussed.
• Underline major details in the passage selectively
marking key words. Number each detail.
• The main idea in this passage is stated. Can you find it?
• Put [ ] brackets around the main idea
Emergency Care, p. 197
By securing the airway you provide an open pathway for air to
move into and out of the body. However, a patent airway does not
guarantee that the air will move in adequate volumes to support life.
Recall that breathing accomplishes two essential functions: It brings
oxygen into the body and it eliminates carbon dioxide. Although your
body will tolerate the buildup of carbon dioxide longer that it will
tolerate a lack of oxygen both of these functions are absolutely
essential to support life. Proper airway management must always be
paired with the assessment of adequate breathing to ensure that both
of these critical functions are occurring. If you determine that the
patient’s breathing is not meeting the body’s needs, then you must
take immediate corrective action. A thorough primary assessment
focuses on a rapid evaluation of both airway and breathing and
identifies immediate life threats associated with the airway and the
respiratory system.
Annotated passage: (Emergency Care p. 197)
By 1)securing the airway you provide an open pathway for air
to move into and out of the body. However, a patent airway 2)
does not guarantee that the air will move in adequate volumes to
support life. Recall that breathing accomplishes two essential
functions: It brings oxygen into the body and it eliminates carbon
dioxide. Although your body will tolerate the buildup of carbon
dioxide longer that it will tolerate a lack of oxygen both of these
functions are absolutely essential to support life. 3) Proper airway
management must always be paired with the assessment of
adequate breathing to ensure that both of these critical functions are
occurring. If you determine that the patient’s breathing is not
meeting the body’s needs, then you must take immediate corrective
action. [A thorough primary assessment focuses on a rapid
evaluation of both airway and breathing and identifies immediate
life threats associated with the airway and the respiratory system.]
What is the unstated Main Idea??
• First, ask yourself:
What is the subject or topic? This is a phrase not a complete sentence.
Example : Causes of Airway Obstruction
OR
How to Assess Airway Obstruction
• Next, underline Major details
• Finally, ask: What is the point the writer is making about the topic?
The answer is the central point or main idea and should be stated in a
complete sentence or sentences
•
•
•
•
Read the passage “Mechanics of Breathing
Underline selectively choosing key words.
Number details
Summarize the key ideas asking the
question : What is the point the writer is
making about the mechanics of breathing?
Can you state the implied
Main Idea?
Air is moved into and out of the chest in a process called
ventilation. To move air, the diaphragm and the muscles of the chest
are contracted and relaxed to change the pressure within the chest
cavity. This changing pressure inflates and deflates the lungs.
Inhalation is an active process. The muscles of the chest including the
intercostal muscles between the ribs expands at the same time the
diaphragm contracts in a downward motion. These movements
increase the size of the chest cavity. This negative pressure pulls air in
through the glottis opening and inflates the lungs. Conversely,
exhalation is a passive process. That is it occurs when the previously
discussed muscles relax. As the size of the chest decreases it creates a
positive pressure and pushes air out. Because it is passive, exhalation
typically takes slightly longer than inhalation.
Notice the major details:
Air is moved into and out of the chest in a process called
ventilation. To move air, the diaphragm and the muscles of the chest
are contracted and relaxed to change the pressure within the chest
cavity. This changing pressure inflates and deflates the lungs.
Inhalation is an active process. The muscles of the chest including the
intercostal muscles between the ribs expands at the same time the
diaphragm contracts in a downward motion. These movements
increase the size of the chest cavity. This negative pressure pulls air in
through the glottis opening and inflates the lungs. Conversely,
exhalation is a passive process. That is it occurs when the previously
discussed muscles relax. As the size of the chest decreases it creates a
positive pressure and pushes air out. Because it is passive, exhalation
typically takes slightly longer than inhalation.
Implied Main Idea
• There is a difference between the active process of
inhalation versus the passive process of exhalation.
– More specifically:
• Inhalation is an active process during which muscles in the
chest expand while the diaphram contracts creating a
negative pressure pulling air in through the glottis inflating
the lung. On the other hand, exhalation creates positive
pressure when the muscles relax and push air out and is
faster.
Now, it’s your turn!
• Quick Assessment
• Handout