BR: Only if you missed yesterday’s class
 How much time did you spend studying for today’s
quiz?
 What material did you study?
BR: If you were here yesterday
 Predict the score of the Jets-Patriots game tonight.
Objectives
 Take Lightning Quiz
 Start flood video
NOVA Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvJlENenpJA
How are floods different than other types of natural
disasters?
2. How did the flood begin? Be detailed.
3. Why does a river need to periodically occupy its
floodplain?
4. What is the best way to prevent a city from flooding?
1.
23 min
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Why is it sometimes a good idea to break open a
levy?
How long did Valmeyer stay underwater?
Where did Valmeyer move to? Why?
How can you flood proof your house?
What are humans doing that make floods worse?
Why is the government buying back flood plains?
Bellringer
 What causes lightning?
Objectives
 Complete lightning quiz
 Finish answering all the questions about the flood
video
Bellringer
 What do you think is the most dangerous part of a
flood?
Objectives
 Review lightning quiz
 Understand how floods form in different areas, and
how people have changed flood rates.
 Differentiate between flash floods and general floods
Flood Video Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Why is it sometimes a good idea to break open a
levy?
How long did Valmeyer stay underwater?
Where did Valmeyer move to? Why?
How can you flood proof your house?
What are humans doing that make floods worse?
Why is the government buying back flood plains?
Lightning Quiz
 Class average was a ...
Bellringer
 What is a watershed?
Objectives
 Know what creates the intensity of a flood, and what
determines the length of a flood.
 Complete the computer flood activity with a partner.
Floods
 Where does all the water come from?
 Watershed: An area of land where surface water from
rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single
point at a lower elevation.
Flooding
 What factors do you think effect the intensity of a
flood?
 What factors do you think effect the duration of a
flood?
Flood Intensity
 The intensity of a flood is determined by the amount
of rainfall and the amount of time that it rains.
 The worst floods happen when there is heavy rainfall
over a long period of time.
 Flash flooding happens when there is very heavy
rainfall for a short period of time.
Duration of a Flood
 The duration of a flood is determined by the amount
of rainfall, the amount of time it rains, and the areas
ability to get rid of the water.
 Flashfloods show up quickly, but also move on quickly.
 Heavy rainfall for weeks, or months produce the worst
duration of flooding.
Duration of a Flood
 If the ground soil can absorb the water from the flood
quickly, it will decrease the time the area is flooded.
 Some areas have rivers or lower level land which can
help divert or move out the excess flood water.
Checkpoint
1.
What is a watershed?
2. What determines the intensity of a flood?
3. If ground soil can absorb water very quickly, it will
_____________ the time an area is flooded?
Bellringer
 What determines a flood’s intensity?
Objective
 Complete computer activity
Computer Activity
 Working in pairs, go to my page on the Windsor school
website
 Windsor-csd.org
 Go to my page, and click the Forces of Nature link
 Download the PowerPoint called “Flooding Computer
Activity”
 Open and follow the directions in the PowerPoint.
 Record your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
 Hand in one copy for your group when you’re done.
Engineering Around a Flood
 http://ees.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/elearning/mo
dule12swf.swf
 Test out how a flood will effect the three different
types of regions.
 Then change the type of flood control to use in the
area.
 You will record your results.
Flood Data
None
Forest
Agriculture
Urban
Dam
Levees
Floodways
Flood Questions
What do you think is the best way to prepare a city
for a flood? Why?
2. What do you think is the best way to prepare a farm
for a flood? Why?
3. What effect will construction cost have on which
design you would pick?
1.
Bellringer: Changing the Landscape
 How do you think deforestation (cutting down natural
landscapes), and urbanization (building cities) has
impacted flooding?
Objectives
 Know the effects deforestation and urbanization have
had on flooding.
 Know the difference between flash floods and general
floods.
Deforestation
 Deforestation causes faster runoff of water from the
watershed and into the river.
 Leaves on the ground allow water on them to evaporate
instead of flowing away.
 Leaves reduce raindrop impact, and gentler rain causes
less erosion.
 Tree roots absorb water from the soil.
 Tree roots hold soil in place, and reduce erosion.
Urbanization
 Pavement is even less absorbent than naked soil, so it
causes even quicker runoff.
 Sewer systems also help expedite the water from a city.
 These variables also cause flash floods in rivers and
towns downstream from the city to become more
frequent, and more severe.
Flash Flood vs. General Flood
 Both flash floods and floods can be extremely
dangerous.
 Flash floods generally happen quickly after very heavy
rainfall, and they can be hard to forecast and predict.
 Flash flood waters move at very fast speeds, and can
roll boulders, tear out trees, destroy buildings, and
obliterate bridges.
Flash Floods
 Flash flood water walls can reach 10 to 20 feet.
 Results in localized flooding typically occurs in hilly or
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

mountainous terrain, but also occurs in urban areas.
Fatalities are more common than with general floods.
The best response to a flash flood is to move immediately
and quickly to higher ground.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5hvZRM58ps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3akkSEGFhI
General Floods
 General floods involve the whole watershed, and take




at least several days to build up.
General floods can even build over months.
Water level rises slowly, but consistently.
The best response is to seek higher ground, but usually
these floods won’t sneak up on you.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJx6F_fLius
General Floods
 Stream gauges monitor water levels so they are fairly
predictable
General Floods
 Can result in wide-spread flooding. Flood-plain areas
are prone to flooding.
 A flood is said to be occurring when a stream or river
rises above its channel. The level of flooding is
reported as “feet above flood stage”.
 Fatalities are few in the US from general flooding;
however, the economic cost is high
The 2011 Flood
 http://www.erh.noaa.gov/bgm/WeatherEvents/Flood/
september072011/
 Was this a flash flood or a general river flood?
 How did it compare to the 1993 Mississippi River
flood?
 Photo album
Checkpoint
1.
How have deforestation and urbanization increased the
rates, and dangers of floods?
2.
What are three differences between flash floods and
general floods?
3.
Which is worse 12 hours of extremely heavy rain, 3
months of consistent rain storms, or a dam failure?
Why?
Bellringer
 What is the best way to avoid dying during a flash
flood?
Objectives
 Learn the dangers of floods.
 Begin working on your flood project.
Dangers of Floods
 The force of six inches of swiftly moving water can knock
people off their feet.
 The best protection during a flood is to leave the area and
go to shelter on higher ground.
 Cars can easily be swept away in just 2 ft of moving water.
 If flood waters rise around a car, it should be abandoned.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NXPNWFBd3h8
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fn_JdVpXrNA
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xO_q-Ip7BTE
Dangers of Floods
 Floods are the most common and widespread of all
natural disasters – except fire.
 Most communities in the US can experience some
kind of flooding.
 Like many other natural disasters people are often
injured because of their neglect for the severity of the
event.
Checkpoint
1.
What should you do if you are driving and you need
to cross a flooded road to get home?
2. Why are most people injured during floods?
Dam Failures
 Dam failures are potentially the worst flood events.
 A dam failure is usually the result of neglect, poor design,




or structural damage cause by a major event such as an
earthquake.
When a dam fails, a gigantic quantity of water is suddenly
let loose downstream, destroying anything in its path.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWEWVw7TGk4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfW5MqT7CSA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0udToKp6COY
Levees
 https://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/pages/floodi
ng_flood_risks/levee_simulator.jsp
 Which type of levee failure is the worst?
Overtopping
2. Breaching
3. Seepage
1.
Killed by Floods
 The count of flood deaths is highest in South America,
Southern Asia and Eastern Asia.
 Central Africa, Japan and Western Europe each
account for less than 0.6% of flood deaths.
 Approximately 10,000 people in the US have died from
flooding since 1900.
Killed by Floods
Checkpoint
1.
What is the main cause of dam failures?
2. What are the three ways a levee could fail?
3. In which areas of the world are floods the most
deadly?
Worst Flood Ever
 An estimated 3.7 million people died in central China
in 1931 from one ongoing flood.
 Heavy snowfall in the winter started to thaw in the
spring.
 The spring had very heavy continual rain that only
grew heavier as spring became summer (more than 2ft
of rain per month).
 The flood was at its peak from July to late August.
Worst US Flood Ever
 51st worst flood in the world.
 2,209 people died.
 Occurred in Johnstown Pennsylvania in 1889.
 It was triggered by a failing dam, not months of
continual heavy rainfall.
 First major disaster relief effort handled by the
American Red Cross.
Water Level
 Are you safe? (277m)
 http://www.floodmap.net/
Bellringer
 What is the main cause of dam failures?
Objective
 Pick partner and location to analyze
 Complete at least one full slide of your PowerPoint,
start working on at least one other.
Flood Project
 Work in pairs
 Each pair researches a different house/property
 The word file is found on my website
 http://www.windsor-csd.org/forcesofnature.aspx
 http://www.discoveryeducation.com/teachers/free-
lesson-plans/flood.cfm
Bellringer
 How many slides have you completed for your flood
project?
Objective
 Complete your PowerPoint presentation
(minimum of 5 slides)
Flood Project
 Today will be the last day to work on it.
 Must e-mail me your PowerPoint presentation before
10:10am tomorrow (10/29)