Fall in love with Jesus, not
money or material things.
Don’t be deceived, running
to and fro, looking for those
who can astonish you with
some new spiritual insight
of mesmerize you by
performing great miracles.
Jimmy Swaggart declares that "Sex education classes in our public schools
are promoting incest."
Denounces New Orleans preacher Marvin Gorman (extramarital affairs.)
Gorman is defrocked.
Jimmy Swaggart denounces PTL minister Jim Bakker for committing adultery,
calling him "a cancer in the body of Christ."
Jimmy Swaggart photographed with prostitute Debra Murphree outside the
Travel Inn in Lake Charles, LA.
Jimmy Swaggart tearfully begs God’s forgiveness on his TV show, "I have
sinned against you, my Lord."
Psychodynamic Theory
Psychodynamic Theory
Freud
Created image of what a psychologist looks like
Freud
• Time period
• Medical degree
– Physician who studied neurology
– Performed the first neuron transplant
• The “Scientific Project”
• Introduced cocaine to Europe as an alternative to
morphine
• Hypnosis
Sigmund Freud
Greatest contributions
1) Behavior can be unconscious
2) Children engage in and think about
sexuality even at an early age
3) The “talking cure”
4) The first comprehensive theory of
personality
Key Ideas
• Psychic Determinism
• Everything that happens has a cause
– This cause can be discovered
• No accidents!
– Forget names, places
– Drop something, etc.
• The cause can be discovered
• Why don’t you know about these causes?
Key Ideas
• Unconscious
• Psychic determinism leads directly to the
unconscious!
• Research shows the mind does do many
things at once that we are not always
aware of
Key Ideas
• Internal Structure
– Mind is different than brain
– The MIND has three “parts”
• Psychic Conflict
– These parts may conflict with each other
Key Ideas
• Mental Energy
– The mind needs “energy” to make it go
• Psychic energy / Libido
– Thanatos
• Laws of thermodynamics
– Energy can not be created or destroyed
– Energy is finite
– Energy in one part of the mind, can’t be used for
another
Key Ideas
• Doctrine of Opposites
– Everything in life contains opposites
– Happiness vs. sadness
• Extremes on any dimension tend to be
more similar to each other than in the
middle
Key Ideas
Census Crusader
Pornographer
Key Ideas
Thinks
about it
Census Crusader
Pornographer
&
Defines
their life
Key Ideas
Key Ideas
Thinks about dress
Thinks about others
Defines self by dress
Personality Development
• Psychosexual stages from birth to maturation
– Proceeds in a prescribed manner
• Based on which part of the body is most sensitive
to excitation
– Emphasis is on pleasure not sex
• Libido – the sexual energy and becomes
attached or associated with needs of the
individual
What is a baby like?
What is a baby like?
What is a baby like?
Pure evil?
Id
• “It”
• Baby is pure id
• Primitive
– Unverbalized needs, wants, and feelings
– Think of the worst thought
• Where libido comes from
– Baby is mass of needs
Id
• Pleasure principle
– “I want it all now!”
• Primary process thinking
– UCS
– No “words”
• No qualification, no sense of time, etc.
– Goal: immediate gratification of every need
How does a baby get pleasure?
Oral Stage
• The primary source of pleasure is in the
mouth (only thing a child has control over)
• Libido is in the mouth, lips, and tongue
• Birth to about 18 months
Oral Stage
• Psychological Theme
• Dependency
• A baby is completely dependent and
passive
• What happens if the babies oral needs are
satisfied at this stage?
Oral Stage
• If need are satisfied most of the libido
moves to the next stage
• But
• If needs are not satisfied
• Needs are too satisfied
– Note: doctrine of opposites
Oral Stage
• Adult Personality Type
• “Oral character”
– One of two extremes (both have issues focused on dependency
and passivity)
• Doctrine of opposites
• Extremely independent
– Don’t want help from anyone! / “I can do it myself!”
• Extremely Passive
– Just wait for things to happen
• Think about what they want, rather then do something about it
Next Stage
• If “just enough” gratification
Next Stage
• If “just enough” gratification
Anal Stage
Anal Stage
• Libido moves to elimination organs
– Age 1 – 3 years
• “Have to go!”
• Child needs to learn to control his or her bowels
• Note: Id doesn’t want to worry about this!
Anal Stage
• Ego is born
• “I”
• Created because of awareness that one
does not get everything one wants
Anal Stage
• Ego is born
• Reality principle
– The way to get the most gratification in the
long run is to make compromises
• Secondary process thinking
– What you think, “think” means!
– Rational, practical, etc.
Anal Stage
• Ego must deal with reality (parents) and the Id
(want to go!).
• Psychological Theme
• Self Control and obedience
• “No!”
– Terrible twos
• Figure out power
Anal Stage
• If needs are satisfied most of the libido
moves to the next stage
• But
• If too much control forced on child
• If too little control of child
Anal Stage
• Adult Personality Type
• “Anal character”
– One of two extremes (both have issues focused on control)
• Doctrine of opposites
• Anal Retentive
– Extremely organized / cannot tolerate disorganization
– Try to control every aspect of life (although like control from authority)
• Anal Expulsive
– Little or no self-control
– Disorganized, always late
– Dislike authority
“Boys and girls are different”
• Age 3 – 7 years
Phallic Stage
• Child is curious about their genitalia and others
– Libido moves to genitals
• Boys have a penis and girls do not
– Notice the emphasis is on penis
• Who is the “other” gender they are seeing?
• Parents
Phallic Stage
• Oedipus complex (for boys)
– Greek myth
• The desire to rid the parent of the same sex, and take
possession of the opposite sex parent
– Remember what parts of the mind are present
• Fear prevents this behavior
• Fear lies in the belief that they will be castrated by their
father
– Castration anxiety
Phallic Stage
• How do you avoid this from occurring?
• Start to act like father
– “tricks” the id
– Protects boy from dad
• Try to become one you most fear
• Take on attitudes, values, beliefs, etc.
• Identification
Superego
• “Over I”
• Through identification the superego is born!
• “Moral Voice”
– Think of the best, most moral person
• Stores and enforces rules
• Enforces rules through anxiety
Phallic Stage
• Electra complex (for girls)
• The desire to rid the parent of the same sex, and take
possession of the opposite sex parent
– Remember what parts of the mind are present
• Fear prevents this behavior
• But what is the fear?
– No castration anxiety
• Believes she already lost her penis
– “Penis envy”
Phallic Stage
• Electra complex (for girls)
• Fear isn’t as strong as for males
• Identification is not as strong as for males
• Superego less developed!
• What do you think about that??
Identification
• Do we sometimes identify with
those we fear?
• Stockholm Syndrome
• Patty Hearst
Phallic Stage
• Psychological Theme
• Figure out what it means to be a “boy” or a
“girl”
• Done through identification
Phallic Stage
• Adult Personality Type
• “Phallic character”
– One of two extremes (both have issues focused on sexuality)
• Doctrine of opposites
• Extremely promiscuous in sexual behavior
• Asexual
• Note: both extremes are similar (define life in terms of
sex)
– Freud views middle as most healthy
Latency Stage
• Starts around 7 years
• Not really a stage, but a retreat from the
pleasurable biological activities
• Decline of sexual interest
• Social and cognitive interests develop
Genital Stage
• Start of puberty
– Libido moves to genitals
• Sexual desire resurfaces in a socialized form
• Do not pass through it
• It is the GOAL!
– Try to get as much libido here as possible
Genital Stage
• Focus is on genitals
– Note: label (note phallic)
• Giving life
• Psychological Theme
• Creation and enhancement of life
– True maturity is the ability to bring life into the world
and allow it to grow
• Not only kids, but other things as well (art, work, etc)
Genital Stage
• Adult Personality Type
• “Genital character”
• Well adjusted and BALANCED
• What is mental health?
• Love and work
Libido
Psychosexual Stages
Stage
Physical
Focus
Psychological
Theme
Parts of the
Mind
Oral
Mouth
Dependency
Pure Id
Anal
Elimination
organs
Self-Control
Ego is born
Phallic
Penis
Identity
Superego is
born
Latency
None
None
--
Genital
Genitals
--
--
Parts of the Mind
Structure
Principle of
Operation
Id
Primitive drives and
emotions
Pleasure
Ego
Balances, Id, Superego, and reality
Reality
Superego
Internalized social
norms
Morality
Consciousness
• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Unconscious
The Mind
The Mind
CS
PCS
UCS
The Mind
CS
PCS
UCS
ID
The Mind
CS
Ego
PCS
UCS
ID
The Mind
CS
Ego
PCS
Superego
UCS
ID
Therapy
• Most psychological problems are a result
of issues in the UCS
– Conflicts in the UCS between id, ego,
superego
• Goal of therapy is to make the UCS CS!
– Catharsis
– Deal with is rationally
– Map the mind
Therapy
• How?
• Dreams
– UCS “pops” out
• Manifest vs. Latent content
• Did not believe in universal symbols
– Meaning vary for each individual
Therapy
• Hypnosis
– Used early in career
• Free association
– Psychic Determinism
– Nothing is random!
• “Talking Cure”
• Accidents
Therapy
• Transference
– The tendency to bring ways of thinking that
developed with one important person into a
later relationship with a different person
• Good tool for therapists
– Can be dangerous
Therapy
• What happens when the UCS starts to
become CS?
• Person starts to feel worse!
– Anxiety
• Many people try “not to think about it”
because of this
Therapy
• Important for a therapeutic alliance to
occur
– Bond between therapist and client
• Helps client deal with this anxiety
• This usually takes many years
Cons
• Nonverifiable
• Theory of development not consistent with the
data
• Theory developed from a limited and
homogenous population – young, female, and
behavioral symptoms were similar
• Sexist
Pros
• Emphasizes the importance of childhood
• Attempts to understand unconscious
forces
• Defense mechanisms
Why Important
• A complete theory of personality
– Shows what a theory should look like
• Still influences therapy
– Talking cure
– free association
– billing for missed appointments
Why Important
• Culture
•
•
•
•
“Why did you really do that”
“Looking for a father figure”
“Uptight”
“What is he trying to overcompensate
about?”
• “Letting it all hang out”
Why Important
• Asked the right questions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dreams
Humor
Early life
Sexual attraction
Love
Anxiety
• Modern day researchers are still looking for answers to
these questions!