STEP UP TO: PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology, Eighth Edition
by David G. Myers
PROLOGUE: THE STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
Contemporary Psychology
Early Science
Psychology’s roots
Subfields
Study Skills
1. PSYCHOLOGY IS DEFINED
AS:
 A)
the study of behavior and mental
processes.
 B) the study of behavior.
 C) the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes.
 D) the science of behavior and
consequences.
2
2. SOCRATES AND PLATO WERE
IN AGREEMENT THAT:
 A)
knowledge is something we are born
with.
 B) knowledge is something taught and
learned.
 C) the mind is the result of bodily fluids.
 D) the mind is the activity of the
brain.
2
3. IT WAS _____ WHO BELIEVED
THAT THE MIND GROWS FROM
EXPERIENCES IN OUR MEMORY.
 A)
Socrates
 B) Plato
 C) Descartes
 D) Aristotle
2
4. ____ BELIEVED THE FLUID IN
THE CAVITIES OF THE BRAIN
CONTAINED “ANIMAL SPIRITS”.
 A)
Plato
 B) Bacon
 C) Aristotle
 D) Descartes
3
5.
AN ESSAY OF THE POLITICAL
PHILOSOPHER _____, ARGUING THE
MIND IS A BLANK SLATE, HELPED
FORM MODERN EMPIRICISM.
 A)
Bacon
 B) Locke
 C) Descartes
 D) Plato
3
6. THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGICAL
LABORATORY WAS ESTABLISHED BY:
 A)
Wilhelm Wundt.
 B) Sigmund Freud.
 C) John Locke.
 D) B.F. Skinner.
4
7. TICHNER BELIEVED IN THE
METHOD CALLED ____ TO
INVESTIGATE PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROCESSES.
 A)
the experimental method
 B) cause-and-effect
relationships
 C) introspection
 D) psychoanalysis
4
8. WILLIAM JAMES STUDIED
BEHAVIOR BASED ON HOW IT WAS
ADAPTIVE. HE WAS HEAVILY
INFLUENCED BY _____.
 A)
John Locke
 B) Charles Darwin
 C) Sigmund Freud
 D) Francis Bacon
5
9. MARY CALKINS WAS FAMOUS
FOR:
 A)
being the first female president of
the APA.
 B) being a leading proponent of
structuralism.
 C) being the first female graduate
student, thanks to Titchner.
 D) all of the above.
5
10. THE FIRST TEXTBOOK
WAS WRITTEN BY:
 A)
Washburn.
 B) Titchner.
 C) Wundt.
 D) James.
6
11. WATSON AND SKINNER
WOULD BE IN AGREEMENT IN
THEIR:
 A)
high esteem of psychoanalysis.
 B) dismissal of introspection.
 C) definition of psychology as the study
of behavior and mental processes.
 D) study of cognitive neuroscience.
7
12. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
EMPLOYS THREE MAIN LEVELS OF
ANALYSIS, WHICH INCLUDE ALL OF
THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT:
 A)
biological.
 B) psychological.
 C) psychoanalytical.
 D) social-cultural.
10
13. A PSYCHOLOGIST EXPLAINS
HUMAN MATE SELECTION IN TERMS
OF HELPING THE SPECIES TO
CONTINUE. SHE IS USING THE ____
PERSPECTIVE.
 A)
social-cultural
 B) neuroscience
 C) evolutionary
 D) biological
11
14. IN PSYCHOLOGY, THE
CURRENT STAND ON THE NATURENURTURE CONTROVERSY IS:
A) nature works on what nature endows.
 B) learning is far more important than
genetics.
 C) genetics is far more important than
learning.
 D) we are born with a blank slate until
learning occurs.

10
15. IN STUDYING ANGER, THE
PSYCHOLOGIST WHO VIEWS AN ANGER
OUTBURST AS AN OUTLET FOR
UNCONSCIOUS HOSTILITY IS COMING
FROM THE ___ PERSPECTIVE.
 A)
neuroscience
 B) evolutionary
 C) cognitive
 D) psychodynamic
11
16. THE PSYCHOLOGIST MOST
LIKELY TO TREAT MENTAL
DISORDERS IS THE:
 A)
counseling psychologist.
 B) clinical psychologist.
 C) personality psychologist.
 D) developmental psychologist.
12
17. THE ___ HAS A MEDICAL DEGREE
AND PRESCRIBES MEDICATION.
 A)
clinical psychologist
 B) neuropsychologist
 C) psychiatrist
 D) all of the above
13
18. YOU ARE A VP IN A MAJOR
CORPORATION AND NEED TO HIRE A
PROFESSIONAL TO HELP HIRE AND
TRAIN EMPLOYEES MORE
EFFECTIVELY. YOUR BEST CHOICE
WOULD LIKELY BE A(N):
 A)
industrial/organizational
psychologist.
 B) clinical psychologist.
 C) social psychologist.
 D) cognitive psychologist.
12
19. RESEARCH AIMED AT BUILDING
PSYCHOLOGY’S KNOWLEDGE BASE
IS:
 A)
applied research.
 B) academic research.
 C) basic research.
 D) theoretical research.
12
20. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL
SPECIALTY MOST LIKELY TO FOCUS
ON APPLIED RESEARCH IS:
 A)
Biological Psychology.
 B) Cognitive Psychology.
 C) Personality Psychology.
 D) Industrial/Organizational
Psychology.
13
21. THE CORRECT ORDER OF
THE SQ3R METHOD IS:
A) survey, question, review, read, reflect.
 B) survey, question, read, review, reflect.
 C) survey, question, read, reorganize,
regurgitate.
 D) study, question, re-study, re-read,
review.

15
22. YOUR FRIEND, BOB, TELLS YOU HE
ONLY STUDIES THE DAY BEFORE THE
TEST, SO IT IS, “FRESH”. YOU POINT
OUT:
A) short-term memory is more accurate
than long-term memory.
 B) studying right before the test is better
than the day before.
 C) spaced practice is more effective.
 D) as long as he follows the SQ3R
model, he should do fine.

15
23. IN CLASS, YOU CAN LISTEN
ACTIVELY BY:
 A)
asking questions.
 B) write down main ideas.
 C) thinking about what is
being said.
 D) all of the above.
16
24: THE WAY TO ANSWER
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS IS
TO:
 A)
cover the answers first.
 B) weigh the potential of each answer.
 C) eliminate the wrong answers first.
 D) imagine how each answer could be
the right one.
16
25. OVER 100 YEARS AGO, _____ URGED
ACTIVE LISTENING, STATING, “NO
RECEPTION WITHOUT REACTION, NO
IMPRESSION WITHOUT . . . EXPRESSION.”
 A)
Sigmund Freud
 B) William James
 C) John Locke
 D) Wilhelm Wundt
16
ANSWERS
1.
C
9.
A
17.
C
2.
A
10.
D
18.
A
3.
D
11.
B
19.
C
4.
D
12.
C
20.
D
5.
B
13.
C
21.
B
6.
A
14.
A
22.
C
7.
C
15.
D
23.
D
8.
B
16.
B
24.
A
25.
B