The Chinese and
Japanese Response to
Industrialization
Readings: Spodek, pp. 613617 (reread), 631-639
(reread)
China

English want to sell
goods to China

China Emperors
have no interest in
buying anything from
Europe.




Emperor wrote letter to English
king in which he says that
Chinese produced everything of
value.
Jesuits and others brought
clocks and mechanical toys to
China.
Father Mateo Ricci was in
charge of missionary duties in
China
Chinoiserie
•
Europeans wanted:
•
•
•
•
•
Porcelain
Wallpaper
Chinese art
Chinese deer
Tea
Chinoiserie
India




Began decline under
Aurangzeb (1659)
British, French and
Portugal all establish
colonies
British East India
Company gains
control
British win over
Muslims in 1858
India (continued)



British destroy
India’s cotton
industry
Had been best
cotton producers
Sold opium to
Chinese and grew it
in India
China, Britain and India

Opium Wars
•
•
•
•
British use steamships
with cannons.
They take the ships up
the Chinese rivers
They threaten the
Chinese interior
Treaty of Nanjing
•
•
Dismantled Chinese
tributary states.
Created “Treaty ports”
where Europeans could
trade
China Increasingly Unstable


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The Taiping Rebellion went on
from 1850-1864
The Self-Strengthening
Movement went on from 18601895
1885 France takes over
Vietnam
Japan forces Chinese to grant
independence to Korea and
took control of Taiwan and
Liaodong Peninsula
1898-Foreign powers divide
China into spheres of influence
The HUNDRED DAYS Reform
also took place.
Boxer Rebellion took place in
1899.
Taiping Revolution
French colonies
Results



Took control of China
in 1911.
He proclaimed
Chinese Republic in
1912.
Government was
very weak and
warlords gained
control throughout
the country.
Japan


Japan was feudal
and was ruled by
shoguns in reality.
By 19th century,
Japan was in very
bad shape
•
•
The Economy was
stagnating
There were many
revolts going on.
Japan


In 1853, Matthew Perry
arrives in Tokyo Bay with
the message, “Trade
with us or we’ll kill you!”
The boy emperor
Mutsuhito takes power.
His rule is known as
Meiji (“Enlightened
Rule”)
Japan’s Desires

Japan wants to become an Imperial
Power.
• To do this, Japan invests heavily in weapons
•
•
and ships.
Japan’s Army modeled on Germany
Japanese Navy modeled on Britain.