AS revision
Unit F211
1.
Define ‘organelle’
2.
What is ‘resolution’
3.
List 4 differences between a light microscope and an
electron microscope
4.
List the 3 steps in determining magnification from a
scale bar
5.
How many micrometres in a millimetre?
6.
22mm = _______ μm
7.
List 3 functions of membrane proteins
8.
What does ‘hydrophilic’ mean?
9.
Distinguish between ‘endocytosis’ and ‘exocytosis’
10.
One route for vesicles in a cell is from the ________ to
the __________ and then to the plasma membrane
11.
What is the key difference between ‘phagocytosis’ and
‘pinocytosis’
Distinguish between ‘mitosis’ and ‘cytokinesis’
12.
13.
State 3 processes in plants and/or animals that require
mitosis
14.
List the stages of mitosis in order & complete the table:
Drawing
Key points
Stage
1. Supercoiling of DNA
prophase
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Complete the shaded boxes….
Structure
Function
nucleus
Site of protein synthesis
Stores hydrolyzing [digestive] enzymes.
Golgi apparatus
Transport & packing into vesicles of
synthesised proteins
mitochondrion
Complete the shaded boxes….
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
With the concentration
gradient
Transports water
Requires a membrane
Complete the shaded boxes….
Feature
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
DNA
Enclosed in an envelope
or not?
Enclosed in an envelope
or not?
DNA
Naked
DNA
Circular or linear?
Circular or linear?
mitochondria
Present or absent?
Present or absent?
Size of ribosomes
Self quiz 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c
b
d
a
a
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
c
a
d
a
c
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
b
d
d
a
a
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
d
b
a
c
d
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
c
a
c
b
a
Which is the odd one out?
metaphase
B. anaphase
C. prophase
D. interphase
E. telophase
WHY?
A.
Which is the odd one out?
early anaphase
B. cytokinesis
C. early prophase
D. late prophase
E. telophase
WHY?
A.
Which is the odd one out?
mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus
C. centrioles
D. nucleus
E. nucleolus
WHY?
A.
I
A
H
B
G
C
D
F
E
Sketch and label the position of the mesophyll and vascular tissues.
Do not draw individual cells.
Study the following passage:
It has been possible to develop artificial urinary bladders by growing
the different types of differentiated cells that make up a bladder in
tissue culture. When large populations of the different cell types
have been produced, they are placed on a framework of collagen
fibres and develop into a functioning bladder, which can be
connected in place of a damaged or defective bladder.
An artificial heart cannot be produced in this way because heart
muscle cells rarely, if ever, divide, either in the heart itself or in tissue
culture. Much research is taking place so that stem cells can be
successfully transferred from culture into a damaged heart. In animal
models, the stem cells have been shown to divide and differentiate
into new heart muscle cells and new blood vessels. Stem cells for this
procedure have been obtained from bone marrow or from an
embryo.
Study the following passage:
It has been possible to develop artificial urinary bladders by growing the different
types of differentiated cells that make up a bladder in tissue culture. When large
populations of the different cell types have been produced, they are placed on a
framework of collagen fibres and develop into a functioning bladder, which can be
connected in place of a damaged or defective bladder.
An artificial heart cannot be produced in this way because heart muscle cells rarely,
if ever, divide, either in the heart itself or in tissue culture. Much research is taking
place so that stem cells can be successfully transferred from culture into a damaged
heart. In animal models, the stem cells have been shown to divide and differentiate
into new heart muscle cells and new blood vessels. Stem cells for this procedure
have been obtained from bone marrow or from an embryo.
a) How does the passage show that the urinary bladder is an organ?
[1]
Study the following passage:
It has been possible to develop artificial urinary bladders by growing the different
types of differentiated cells that make up a bladder in tissue culture. When large
populations of the different cell types have been produced, they are placed on a
framework of collagen fibres and develop into a functioning bladder, which can be
connected in place of a damaged or defective bladder.
An artificial heart cannot be produced in this way because heart muscle cells rarely,
if ever, divide, either in the heart itself or in tissue culture. Much research is taking
place so that stem cells can be successfully transferred from culture into a damaged
heart. In animal models, the stem cells have been shown to divide and differentiate
into new heart muscle cells and new blood vessels. Stem cells for this procedure
have been obtained from bone marrow or from an embryo.
b) Explain the difference between a stem cell and a differentiated cell
[5]
Study the following passage:
It has been possible to develop artificial urinary bladders by growing the different
types of differentiated cells that make up a bladder in tissue culture. When large
populations of the different cell types have been produced, they are placed on a
framework of collagen fibres and develop into a functioning bladder, which can be
connected in place of a damaged or defective bladder.
An artificial heart cannot be produced in this way because heart muscle cells rarely,
if ever, divide, either in the heart itself or in tissue culture. Much research is taking
place so that stem cells can be successfully transferred from culture into a damaged
heart. In animal models, the stem cells have been shown to divide and differentiate
into new heart muscle cells and new blood vessels. Stem cells for this procedure
have been obtained from bone marrow or from an embryo.
c) Name two types of cell that are formed from stem cells in bone marrow [2]
Study the following passage:
It has been possible to develop artificial urinary bladders by growing the different
types of differentiated cells that make up a bladder in tissue culture. When large
populations of the different cell types have been produced, they are placed on a
framework of collagen fibres and develop into a functioning bladder, which can be
connected in place of a damaged or defective bladder.
An artificial heart cannot be produced in this way because heart muscle cells rarely,
if ever, divide, either in the heart itself or in tissue culture. Much research is taking
place so that stem cells can be successfully transferred from culture into a damaged
heart. In animal models, the stem cells have been shown to divide and differentiate
into new heart muscle cells and new blood vessels. Stem cells for this procedure
have been obtained from bone marrow or from an embryo.
d) Suggest some problems that must be overcome for stem cell therapy to
become an established medical procedure for treating humans
[3]
Study the following passage:
It has been possible to develop artificial urinary bladders by growing the different
types of differentiated cells that make up a bladder in tissue culture. When large
populations of the different cell types have been produced, they are placed on a
framework of collagen fibres and develop into a functioning bladder, which can be
connected in place of a damaged or defective bladder.
An artificial heart cannot be produced in this way because heart muscle cells rarely,
if ever, divide, either in the heart itself or in tissue culture. Much research is taking
place so that stem cells can be successfully transferred from culture into a damaged
heart. In animal models, the stem cells have been shown to divide and differentiate
into new heart muscle cells and new blood vessels. Stem cells for this procedure
have been obtained from bone marrow or from an embryo.
e) State the name given to cells in a plant body that have a function similar
to stem cells in a mammalian body
[1]
1.
2.
3.
A plant cell is 40μm in length. How long is its
image when magnified x3000?
An animal cell is 60mm long when viewed at
x4000. What is the cell’s actual length?
Name, and calculate the actual size of these
organelles:
x5000
Line measures 25mm
x18500
Line measures 56mm

Explain, using examples from animals and plants, how
cells rely on each other for their survival

Explain the meaning of the term division of labour
iron
four
Bohr
carbonic
haemoglobinic acid
effect
anhydrase
dry
reduce
waxy
water
vapour
stomata