PERIODIC TABLE
BELL WORK
NAME
DATE_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
1. A test of a hypothesis under conditions established by a
scientist is called a_____. SOL 6.1
2. A ___ is a guide used to identify things based on
similarities in characteristic. SOL 6.1
3. Explaining or interpreting the things you observe based
on reasoning from what you already know is called ___.
6.1
4. What type of measurement would be done using a triple
beam balance?6.1
5. Categorical data and ____ data can be displayed on
graphs? 6.1 A. population B. numerical C. climate
TABLE OF CONTENTS – CONTINUED ON SAME PAGE


Unit 2
26 displaying data
27 SOL 6.4
28 Brain Pop Questions
29 MATTER
30 Elements
31 METAL & NONMETAL
32 Periodic table
33 PARTS OF AN ATOM
34 Electron configuration
35 Bohr’s Model
36 Molecules and changes
37 chemical formula
38 Bonds
39 Ionic vs. covalent bond
40 VESPR Model
41 Elem. In Earth
42 Elem. In atmosphere
43 Elem. In ocean
44 Elem. In body
45 Elem. In nature
SOL 6.4 : MATTER AND ATOMS
27
SOL 6.4 The student will investigate and understand that all
matter is made up of atoms. Key concepts include:
a) atoms consist of particles, including electrons, protons, and neutrons;
b) atoms of a particular element are alike but are different from atoms of
other elements;
c) elements may be represented by chemical symbols;
d) two or more atoms interact to form new substances, which are held
together by electrical forces (bonds);
e) compounds may be represented by chemical formulas;
f) chemical equations can be used to model chemical changes; and
g) a limited number of elements comprise the largest portion of the solid
Earth, living matter, the oceans, and the atmosphere.
28 BRAIN BOP PERIODIC TABLE
1. What is the smallest unit of an element that has properties of that element?
• atoms
2. What is in an atom’s nucleus?
• Protons and neutrons
3. What determines an atom’s properties?
• Number of protons, electrons, and neutrons
4. How are elements listed on the periodic table?
• Atomic number or number of protons
5. How many electron shells can be on atoms in period 2?
• 2 shells
6. Which grouping on the periodic table has the largest number of elements
in it?
• Transition metals
MATTER
1. Matter
2. Elements
29
Is anything that has mass and takes up space
cannot be chemically broken down into other
substances, they are the smallest unit an atom
3. Physical Properties appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling
point, density, solubility(ability to be dissolved) , polarity
(Positive or Negative charge)
4. Mixture
two or more different substances which are mixed, but
are not combined chemically. You can normally still see
each of the original items. Ex. Sand and water, trail mix
5. Compound
is a substance formed when two or
more chemical elements are chemically bonded
together.
30
ELEMENTS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE
1. Atomic Number
represents the number of protons each
atom of the element contains. It defines
the element, other parts can change in
number and still keep the same name.
2.
Atomic Mass represents the average atomic mass of
the element. It is equal to the number of
protons. It is also equal to the number of
neutrons.
3. Atomic Symbol an abbreviation for the element’s name
using 1-3 letters. It always begins with an
upper case letter
METALS & NON-METALS:
31
32 LABEL THE PERIODIC TABLE
PARTS OF AN ATOM
1. Protons
33
a)Positive electrical charge
b)Found in nucleus of an atom
c)Atomic Number
1)Is the same as the number of protons in an atom
2)Number of PROTONS determines what kind of atom it is
2. Electrons
a) Negative electrical charge
b) Smaller than neutrons and protons
c) Is found in the electron cloud
3. Neutrons
4. Nucleus
1)Surrounds the nucleus – in the shells and valence orbital
2)They are most of the atom’s volume
a)No electrical charge
b)Is found in the nucleus of an atom
c)M.A.N.: Mass - Atomic number = Number of Neutrons
Found in the middle of an atom and contains protons and
neutrons. It is MOST of the atom’s MASS.
34
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
1. number of protons
in an atom is equal to the number of
electrons in the atom if it is neutral. The
periodic table allows you to predict the
bonding of an atom by allowing you to
see the number of electrons in the
valence orbital.
2. valence orbital
is the highest, outermost orbital of the
atom and is the only one involved in
the bonding of the atom.
3. Here are some hints for predicting valence electrons:
• Elements of the same group (column) have the same
valence electrons or configuration
• These are the representative elements or main group
elements
BOHR’S MODEL OF CARBON 35
CLASSWORK: USE NOTEBOOK PAGE 32
DRAW BOHR’S MODELS FOR THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS
AND TURN IN FOR A GRADE:
1)Aluminum
2)Silicon
3)Oxygen
4)Iron
BELL WORK
NAME
DATE_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
11.A ___ ___ is a visual representation of something that
maintains relative values of size and number. SOL 6.1
12. Which type of bias depends on where and how you
grew up? 6.1
13.This type of element has some characteristic of metals
and non-metals, it is a ____ . SOL 6.4
14. ___ are found in the nucleus of an atom and has a
positive charge. SOL 6.4
15. The ___ orbital is the outer most ring/shell of electrons
on an atom. SOL 6.4
36
MOLECULE & TYPES OF CHANGES
1. Molecules a) consisting of two or more like atoms in an element OR it can be
two or more different atoms in a compound.
b) Acts as ONE
1)
2. Physical
change
Examples:
i.
O 2 = two Oxygen atoms
ii.
O 3 = Ozone = three Oxygen atoms
iii.
H 2 O = Water = two hydrogen's and one oxygen
rearranges molecules but doesn't affect their internal structures.
Some examples of physical change are: whipping egg whites,
magnetizing a compass needle, boiling water, dissolving sugar in
water (sugar molecules are dispersed, but the individual sugar
molecules are unchanged.), dicing potatoes
3. Chemical is any change that results in the formation of new chemical
substances. At the molecular level, chemical change involves
change making or breaking of bonds between atoms. These changes are
chemical: iron rusting (iron oxide forms), gasoline burning, eggs
cooking, bread rising, milk souring, sun tanning
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Water
Sodium Chloride
3 Oxygen
1 Carbon
1 Calcium
1 Chlorine
1 Sodium
tells how many atoms of am
element atom in a molecule
or formula, when there is NO
subscript there is ONLY ONE
atom. It is the small number
by the Element’s symbol.
1 Oxygen
Tells the number and kinds of atoms that comprise
a molecule
2 Hydrogens
1. Chemical Formula
37
Calcium Carbonate
38
BONDS
1. Valence electrons
2. Valence Shell
3. Chemical Bonds
the outermost electrons that are available to be lost,
gained, or shared to form a chemical bond
Wants to be full of electrons to be stable
mutual electrical attraction (force) between the
nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that
bind the atoms together
Ionic bonds
A type of bond in which a
METAL and a NONMETAL
transfer electrons
Covalent bonds
A type of bond in which 2 or
more NONMETAL atoms
SHARE electrons
ELEMENTS SHADED RED WILL
SHARE ELECTRONS WHEN BONDED
Ionic bond = Metal + Nonmetal
Covalent bond = Nonmetal + Nonmetal
Refer to Periodic Table on Notebook page 32
39
CLASSWORK: ON LOOSE LEAF PAPER TO
TURN IN. USE NOTEBOOK PAGE 32.
• Draw the Bohr’s Models
then write out the formulas 3. .
for each:
1. .
2. .
4. .
CLASSWORK
• Draw the Bohr’s Models
3.
then write out the formulas
for each:
1.
CH4
.
H2
2. .
O2
3. .
H 2O
BELL WORK: USE NOTEBOOK PAGE 32
NAME
DATE_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
1. What is the atomic mass of Oxygen? (SOL 6.4)
2. How many electron does one atom of Sodium (Na)
have? (SOL 6.4)
3. What is the atomic number of Argon (Ar)? (SOL 6.4)
4. What is the atomic mass of Carbon? (SOL 6.4)
5. A ___ ___ tells what is seen without trying to explain
why it is that way. 6.1
40
VSEPR MODEL SHAPES
• "Valence shell
electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) is a
model used to
predict the shape of
individual molecules
based upon the
extent of electronpair electrostatic
repulsion."
BELL WORK
NAME
MARCH 10, 2015_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
1. The periodic table organizes elements according to
____ ____.
2. What make the atoms of one element different
from the other atoms of another element?
Use page 32 in you notebook to answer the following:
3. How many protons are in one atom of Germanium
(Ge)?
4. What is the rounded atomic mass of Zinc (Zn)?
5. What is the atomic number for Neon (Ne)?
BELL WORK
NAME
MARCH 11, 2015_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
1.Anything that has mass and takes up space is__.
2.What are elements that are chemically combined
called?
3.True or False: elements cannot be broken down
chemically into other substances.
4.Slicing a banana is what kind of change?
5.True or False: Mixtures can never be separated into the
original substances.
6.How many atoms are in NH3?
7.What is in the valence shell of an atom?
PHET CHEMISTRY GAMES
• http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balancing-chemicalequations/latest/balancing-chemical-equations_en.html
CLASSWORK
• Read textbook 132-139
• On your paper:
• Draw and fill in the models on page 135
• Write & Answer questions page 135
• Complete the equations on page 137
BELL WORK
NAME
MARCH 12, 2015_______
1.
____________
b. measure items
c. test items
What is an explanation based on observations and background
knowledge?
a. experiment
3.
BLOCK #___
A Dichotomous key is used for:
a. classify items
2.
#_______
b. prediction
c. inference
Which graph consists of plot point joined together?
a. pie graph b. line graph c. bar graph
ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST 41
ELEMENTS IN EARTHS CRUST
Oxygen 46.1%
Silicon 28.2%
Aluminum 8.23%
Iron 5.63%
Calcium 4.15%
Sodium 2.36%
Magnesium 2.33%
Titanium 0.565%
Hydrogen 0.14%
42 ELEMENTS IN THE
ATMOSPHERE
Elements in the Atmosphere
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Argon 0.9%
Carbon Dioxide, Neon, Methane, Helium, Krypton, Hydrogen, Xenon 0.1%
Oxygen 85.84%
Elements in Ocean Water
Hydrogen 10.82%
Chlorine 1.94%
Sodium 1.08%
43
ELEMENTS IN
OCEAN WATER
Magnesium 0.1292%
Sulfur 0.091%
High levels:
Oxygen and Hydrogen
= water H20
Calcium 0.04%
Chlorine and sodium = salt NaCl
Potassium 0.04%
Bromine 0.0067%
Carbon 0.0028%
Oxygen 65%
Elements in the Body
Carbon 18%
Hydrogen 10%
Nitrogen 3%
Calcium 1.5%
Phosphorus 1%
Sulphur 0.25%
Magnesium 0.05%
Sodium 0.15%
Fluorine, Chlorine, Maganese, Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc,
Selenium, Molybdenum, Iodine 1.5%
ELEMENTS
IN THE
HUMAN
BODY
44
45 COMMON ELEMENTS IN
NATURE
• Fill in the worksheet using your notes from today.
• Write in the names of the elements
• Check off what parts of nature they are found in.
BELL WORK
NAME
MARCH 13, 2015_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
1. What is an example of a physical change?
2. What is an example of a chemical change?
3. A bowl of milk and cereal is an example of a
(compound or a mixture)?
4. What is in the nucleus of an atom?
5. How many atoms are in the following compound?
CH4
• Review for test
BELL WORK
NAME
MARCH 16, 2015_______
____________
#_______
BLOCK #___
1.A substance that cannot be broken down
into a smaller substance in an. . .
2.What makes an atom of one element
different from the atoms of another element?
3.What is a the core of an atom?
4.Draw and label the parts of a helium atom.
• Test day