DIATOM PHYTOBENTHOS
IN RIVERS OF WEL BASIN
– PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Joanna Picińska-Fałtynowicz
INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT
WROCŁAW BRANCH, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
Diatom phytobenthos river types
I – Mountain streams
1. Siliceous stream of Tatry Mts.
2. Calcareous stream of Tatry Mts.
3. Stream of Sudety Mts.
II – Mid-altitude calcareous streams
6. Mid-altitude calcareous stream
with fine substratum
7. Mid-altitude calcareous stream
with coarse substratum
12. Flysch stream
III – Mid-altitude siliceous streams
4. Mid-altitude siliceous stream
with coarse substratum
5. Mid-altitude siliceous stream
with fine substratum
IV – Mid-altitude calcareous rivers
9. Small mid-altitude calcareous river
14. Small flysch river
15. Medium mid-altitude eastern river
V – Mid-altitude siliceous rivers
8. Small mid-altitude siliceous river
10. Medium mid-altitude siliceous river
VI – Lowland streams and small rivers
16. Lowland clayey or loess stream
17. Lowland sandy stream
18. Lowland gravely stream
23. Organic stream
26. River in a valley of large lowland river
VII – Lowland rivers
19. Lowland sandy-clayey river
20. Lowland gravely river
24. River in a peat valley
25. River connecting lakes
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
PRETREATMENT AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION - in light microscope with
1000 magnification using immersion objective 100x
TAXONOMIC IDENTIFICATION – at least to a species level
using standard literature (Krammer & lange-Bertalot 1986-1997)
and other recent monographs
COUNTING – 300-500 diatom valves should be counted in
a permanent slifrom a sample
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE of i-taxon in a sample:
Li = Number of valves of taxoni / Number of all valves counted [300-500]
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
The TI and SI indices are calculated using
a weighted formula of Zelinka & Marvan (1961):
INDEX = S(LiAiWi)/S(LiWi)
where:
Li – relative abundance of i-taxon in a sample
(within 300-500 valves counted ),
Ai – value of sensitivity (optimum) of i-taxon,
Wi – value of weight (tolerance) of i-taxon
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
The Trophic Index [TI]:
Trophic values of indicator taxa: 0.3 – 3.9;
Weight values of taxa: 1 – 5
The trophic status of a river according to TI:
TI
< 1,0
Trophic status
Ultraoligotrophy
1,1-1,3
Oligotrophy
1,4-1,5
Oligo- mesotrophy
1,6-1,8
Mesotrophy
1,9-2,2
Meso- eutrophy
2,3-2,6
Eutrophy
2,7-3,1
Eu- politrophy
3,2-3,4
Politrophy
> 3,4
Poli- hypertrophy
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
The Saprobic Index SI:
Saprobic values of indicator taxa: 1.0 – 3.8
Weight values: 1 – 5
The saprobic status of a river according to SI:
Community consists of taxa:
SI
Saprobic level
Sensitive to organic pollution
< 1,3
Oligosaprobic
Weakly tolerant to organic pollution
1,4-1,7
Oligo- b-mesosaprobic
Moderately tolerant to organic pollution
1,8-2,1
b-mesosaprobic
Resistant to organic pollution
Saprophiles
2,2-2,5
b-meso- a-mesosaprobic
Resistant to organic pollution
Saprobionts
2,6-3,0
a-mesosaprobic
3,1-3,4
a-meso- polisaprobic
> 3,5
polisaprobic
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
For overall assessment, a module reflecting deviation of species
composition in comparison with reference community has been
added.
The module of reference species [GR]:
GR = StRi
where:
tRi – relative abundance of i-reference taxon
The GR values vary between 1 (all species in a sample are
of reference character) and 0 (none species is a reference one)
Groups of reference species:
–
–
–
–
for siliceous waters,
for calcareous waters,
for both siliceous and calcareous waters,
type-specific taxa for river groups I–VII
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
The diatom multimetric index IO is an arithmetic average of
three modules: TI, SI and GR.
As the TI and SI indices have different ranges, they were
transformed according to Schaumburg et al. 2005 as follows:
ZTI = 1–(TI*0.25)
ZSI = 1–[(SI-1)*0.33]
The values of ZTI and ZSI vary between 1 (the best quality)
and 0 (the worst quality) and
IO = (ZTI + ZSI + GR)/3
The IO values change from 1 (the best status) to 0 (the
worst status).
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
CLASS BOUNDARIES
for Polish river types
Ecological
status
1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10,
12, 14, 15
16, 17, 18,
23, 26
19, 20, 24,
25
High
> 0.75
> 0.70
> 0.70
> 0.65
Good
0.55
0.50
0.50
0.50
Moderate
0.35
0.30
0.30
0.30
Poor
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
Bad
< 0.15
< 0.15
< 0.15
< 0.15
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
MATERIAL
Two sampling campaignes:
27-29 April 2009 and 22-24 September 2009
Community sampled: epilithon
A total of 38 samples collected
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
Physical and chemical variables of rivers water in 27-29. 04. 2009
Conduct
25oC
pH
TOC
DOC
Ptot
SRP
N-NO3
NO2+NO3
N-NO2
SiO2
Hardn
Chlorid
es
mS/cm
pH
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l PO4
mg/l N
mg/l N
mg/l N
mg/l
mgCaCO3/l
mg/l
WEL_01
465
8,17
3,98
3,36
0,138
0,225
2,03
2,05
0,016
10,9
236
10
WEL_02
448
7,97
6,71
5,30
0,174
0,202
1,15
1,19
0,037
11,0
238
7,9
WEL_04
363
8,02
5,54
5,44
0,113
0,128
0,15
0,16
0,012
5,75
183
9,9
WEL_05
361
7,98
4,89
4,12
0,184
0,105
0,29
0,31
0,017
6,30
177
7,4
WEL_06
371
8,08
5,20
4,38
0,116
0,059
0,04
0,04
0,003
10,8
200
9,3
WEL_07
363
7,75
6,94
6,66
0,190
0,076
0,06
0,08
0,020
8,30
180
8,8
WEL_08
WEL_09
476
386
7,85
7,80
9,97
6,54
8,23
5,86
0,195
0,205
0,174
0,117
2,23
5,19
2,28
5,23
0,054
0,040
6,35
7,62
249
185
13
11
WEL_10
386
8,21
6,25
5,94
0,106
0,099
0,36
0,38
0,020
7,45
190
9,8
WEL_11
401
7,72
6,58
6,28
0,142
0,160
0,48
0,51
0,032
7,90
201
12
WEL_12
459
8,09
3,25
3,22
0,084
0,038
0,77
0,78
0,007
16,0
244
6,6
WEL_13
436
8,07
2,71
2,35
0,172
0,190
0,99
1,00
0,012
15,4
249
6,8
WEL_14
410
8,26
4,56
4,52
0,162
0,183
0,33
0,35
0,019
11,1
216
9,1
WEL_15
WEL_16
WEL_17
WEL_18
WEL_19
WEL_20
403
469
451
529
505
412
8,02
8,13
8,35
8,32
8,47
8,29
1,57
6,74
1,46
7,93
6,53
5,50
0,80
1,16
0,79
4,41
4,73
4,16
0,174
0,156
0,168
0,114
0,096
0,136
0,169
0,131
0,207
0,104
0,140
0,122
0,73
1,68
1,99
1,49
3,59
0,66
0,77
1,70
2,01
1,52
3,61
0,68
0,037
0,018
0,017
0,027
0,025
0,018
8,15
7,75
9,67
9,57
8,22
5,47
224
247
235
263
248
222
11
13
10
12
13
10
Site
Code
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
Physical and chemical variables of rivers water in 22-24. 09. 2009
Conduct
25oC
pH
TOC
DOC
Ptot
SRP
N-NO3
NO2+NO3
N-NO2
SiO2
Hardn
Ca
Chlorids
mS/cm
pH
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l PO4
mg/l N
mg/l N
mg/l N
mg/l
mgCaCO3/l
mg/l
mg/l
WEL_01
473
7,99
4,81
2,41
0,116
0,258
2,10
2,11
0,012
13,5
254
92
9,6
WEL_02
458
7,95
4,07
3,03
0,109
0,179
1,39
1,41
0,019
13,6
238
86
8,7
WEL_04
388
8,15
5,84
5,83
0,101
0,193
0,45
0,46
0,015
9,90
193
64
10
WEL_05
418
8,00
3,61
3,26
0,122
0,219
0,87
0,90
0,034
12,4
212
72
7,8
WEL_06
340
8,08
7,34
5,20
0,161
0,220
0,02
0,02
0,005
11,1
164
58
9,5
WEL_07
309
7,83
9,03
5,95
0,125
0,040
0,01
0,02
0,007
9,10
147
50
9,5
WEL_08
WEL_09
WEL_10
WEL_11
447
342
337
335
8,04
7,79
8,04
7,95
9,53
8,36
7,65
8,96
6,46
6,15
6,41
5,85
0,156
0,120
0,091
0,122
0,256
0,122
0,037
0,193
1,89
0,63
0,04
0,46
1,91
0,66
0,05
0,49
0,022
0,032
0,007
0,032
7,24
8,72
8,10
8,86
219
165
160
166
77
54
56
56
15
11
10
10
WEL_12
459
7,99
2,91
2,54
0,112
0,202
1,07
1,08
0,010
16,9
245
85
6,0
WEL_13
339
8,13
4,43
2,78
0,123
0,256
0,25
0,25
0,004
6,32
169
56
5,4
WEL_14
396
8,05
6,14
4,17
0,132
0,219
0,35
0,36
0,009
10,9
193
65
8,9
WEL_15
WEL_16
366
538
7,96
8,12
7,04
5,21
5,81
3,30
0,109
0,153
0,190
0,330
0,44
3,74
0,45
3,78
0,008
0,036
9,66
12,9
173
262
59
93
11
16
WEL_17
448
8,13
3,61
2,94
0,140
0,230
1,82
1,85
0,034
14,8
226
80
8,4
WEL_18
WEL_19
545
523
8,43
8,17
3,16
4,42
2,03
2,69
0,130
0,162
0,258
0,242
4,73
3,75
4,77
3,78
0,038
0,032
14,7
13,8
279
262
95
87
13
13
WEL_20
385
8,08
6,29
4,23
0,118
0,219
0,66
0,67
0,010
8,80
198
61
9,9
Site
Code
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
PRELIMIARY RESULTS
April 2009
Dominant and sub-dominant diatom species
Achnanthidium
minutissimum
Nitzschia
dissipata
Navicula
reichardtiana
Nitzschia
fonticola
Navicula
cryptotenella
Meridion
circulare
Cymella
compacta
Pseudostaurosira
brevistriata
Navicula
tripunctata
Diatoma
vulgaris
Staurosira
construens
Amphora
pediculus
Staurosira
pinnata
Navicula
lanceolata
Gomphonema
olivaceum
Gomphonema
parvulum
Gomphonema
micropus
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
PRELIMIARY RESULTS
April 2009
RIVER
CODE
SITE
WEL
WEL 01
FIUGAJKI
RIVER
TYPE
TI
SI
GR
IO
Status
18
2,11
1,87
0,60
0,60
Good
18
2,53
1,58
0,82
0,66
Good
18
1,85
1,94
0,73
0,65
Good
MAŁA WKRA
WEL 02
RUMIENICA
WEL 05
Above Dąbrowa
Mała Lake
Above Rumian
Lake
PŁOŚNICZANKA
Tributary fom
MROCZNO
WEL 08
Inflow to Wel
17
2,56
2,00
0,68
0,57
Good
WEL 12
Inflow to Wel
17
1,86
1,74
0,94
0,74
High
OUTFLOW from
KIEŁPIŃSKIE LAKE
WEL 13
Inflow to Wel
17
2,27
1,98
0,44
0,52
Good
KATLEWKA
WEL 16
Inflow to Wel
17
2,51
1,94
0,59
0,55
Good
STRUGA
WEL 17
Świniarc
18
2,84
1,78
0,55
0,53
Good
PRĄTNICA
WEL 18
Tuszewo
18
2,88
1,94
0,41
0,46
Moderate
PRĄTNICA
WEL 19
Linowiec
18
2,91
2,06
0,55
0,49
Moderate
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
PRELIMIARY RESULTS
April 2009
River
CODE
SITE
RIVER
TYPE
WEL
WEL 04 SZCZUPLINY
25
1,82
1,92
0,99
0,74
High
WEL
WEL 06 PRUSY
25
2,04
1,72
0,87
0,71
High
WEL
WEL 07 KOSZELEWKI
25
1,56
1,72
0,97
0,78
High
WEL
WEL 09 LIDZBARK a
25
2,34
1,79
0,99
0,71
High
WEL
WEL 10 LIDZBARK b
20
2,31
2,02
0,87
0,65
Good
WEL
WEL 11 PIEKIEŁKO
20
2,23
2,01
0,92
0,68
High
WEL
WEL 14 STARE KORYTO
20
2,71
1,90
0,52
0,51
Good
WEL
WEL 15 BAŁWANKA
20
2,44
1,90
0,65
0,58
Good
WEL
WEL 20 JAKUBKOWO
20
2,72
1,98
0,86
0,62
Good
TI
SI
GR
IO
Status
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
Assesement by
diatom
phytobenthos
HIGH
GOOD
MODERATE
POOR
BAD
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund
Thank you for attention !!!
Polsko-Norweski Fundusz Badań Naukowych / Polish-Norwegian Research Fund