Study of Biology
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Think: How can you tell if
something is alive?
What is Biology?
Biology is the study of all living
things
Living things are called
organisms
Organisms include bacteria,
protists, fungi, plants, & animals
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All Living Things Share
Common Characteristics
1. Basic Unit is the Cell
2. They Reproduce
3. All Based On Universal
Genetic Code (DNA)
4. Grow & Develop
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Common Characteristics
5. Obtain & Use Materials &
Energy
6. Respond To Their Environment
7. Maintain A Stable Internal
Environment
8. AS A GROUP, Living Things
Evolve, That Is They Change
Over Time
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Characteristics of Organisms
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I. Definition – biology:
- The study of life
- bio = life
- ology = the study of
- All living things – 8 life functions
1.Transport:
- absorption and circulation of materials
2.Respiration:
- chemical process
- how we obtain energy from food
3. Excretion:
- removal of metabolic (cellular, liquid) wastes
4. Synthesis: (to make)
- chemical activity
- smaller molecules  bigger molecules
#5 Regulation:
- control and coordination of life activities
- Nervous System + Endocrine System =
Regulation
6. Organisms Reproduce
to Pass on their Genetic
Traits
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Two Types of Reproduction
Sexual
Reproduction
Involves 2 parents
Egg fertilized by
sperm to make a
ZYGOTE
Offspring
DIFFERENT from
parents
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Two Types of Reproduction
Asexual
Reproduction
Involves a single
organism or cell
Cell divides
Offspring
IDENTICAL to
parent
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Cells Have a Genetic Code
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Genetic Code
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)
carries the genetic code for all
organisms
All organisms contain DNA
DNA codes for the proteins that
make up cells & do all the work
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7. Growth
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Growth & Development
Organisms grow by
producing MORE
CELLS & by cell
ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop as
they mature into an
adult organism
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8. NUTRITION:
Cells Require Food & Energy
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Ingest:
- taking in of food
Digest:
- breaking down of food to absorb
nutrients
Egest:
- removal of undigested food (solid)
Tuesday September 11
AIM: How do organisms stay “healthy?”
DO NOW: you have 7 MINUTES to complete the
living/nonliving chart!
-Go around the room and find 5 living and 5 nonliving
“things” and tell me 3 REASONS WHY you decided
each was alive or not!
HW: Vocabulary Worksheet
Food Requirements
Autotrophs can make
their own food
Photoautotrophs use
sunlight to make food
(photosynthesis)
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Food Requirements
Heterotrophs can NOT make their
own food
They must consume other
organisms
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat meat
Omnivores eat plants & animals
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Metabolism
Sum of all the chemical reactions
in an organism
All require energy
Sunlight is the ultimate energy
for life on Earth
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Two Key Words – Life Functions:
A. Metabolism: All 8 life functions working
together to sustain life – A Species must do
all of them!
Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment
(Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism
Within The Ranges Required For Life
Stable internal conditions of pH,
temperature, water balance, etc.
http://health.howstuffworks.com/human
-body/systems/endocrine/adam200092.html
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September 12, 2012
AIM: To understand the 8 life functions
DO NOW  : 1. Take out HW
2. THINK: What do you think would
happen if an organism FAILED TO
MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS???
HW: STUDY: Life Functions QUIZ
tomorrow
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Life Functions Practice Questions
The passage of salts into and out of cells
is most closely associated with the life
process
a. transport
b. respiration
c. reproduction
d. digestion
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Life Functions Practice Questions
Stained yeast were added to a
paramecium culture, and some of the
yeast were ingested by the paramecium.
This activity is most closely associated
with which life function?
A) synthesis
B) regulation
C) nutrition
D) growth
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Life Functions Practice
Questions
When do green plants carry on cellular
respiration?
(HINT: WHEN do living organisms need
energy?)
a. only during the night
b. only during the day
c. during both the night and the day
d. neither during the night nor during the
day
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Life Functions Review Questions
Every single-celled organism is able to
survive because it carries out
a. metabolic activities
b. autotrophic nutrition
c. heterotrophic nutrition
d. sexual reproduction
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Life Functions Review Questions
One characteristic of all living things is
that they
a. develop organ systems
b. produce identical offspring
c. maintain internal stability
d. synthesize only inorganic matter
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Life Functions Review
The removal of carbon dioxide and
nitrogenous wastes from an organism
illustrates the life function known as
a. regulation
b. nutrition
c. respiration
d. excretion
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Life Functions Review
Which life activity is not required for the
survival of an individual organism
a. nutrition
b. respiration
c. reproduction
d. synthesis
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