421 MDS Course Course Director: Dr Asmaa Faden http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Asmaa Faden Co-Course Director: Dr Sally ElHaddad Course Contributors: Prof. A AlDosari Dr M AlShawaf Dr A AlMobereek Dental Diagnostic Skills Diagnostic Method Diagnosis means `through knowledge` and entails acquisition of data about the patient and their complaints using the senses: Observing Hearing Touching Smelling sometimes Diagnostic Method The purpose of diagnosis is to be able to offer the most: * Effective and safe treatment * Accurate prognostication Diagnostic Method Diagnose • Is to distinguish, to identify a disease by an investigation of the signs & symptoms. Diagnosis • Is the process of evaluating the patient’s health, as well as the resulting opinions formulated by the clinician Diagnostic Method Oral Diagnosis • Is the ART of using scientific knowledge to identify oral disease process & to distinguish one disease from another. Oral Medicine • Is concerned with diagnosis & treatment, consultation, referral & other phases of patient management. • It deals especially with the relation between oral & systemic diseases. Diagnostic Method Accurate diagnosis depends on systematic approach to unique diagnostic change posed by every patient. The most effective approach is by applying scientific method to clinical decisions. Diagnostic Method Diagnostic Method Diagnostic Method Diagnosis is made by the clinical examination, which comprise the: History, this offers the diagnosis in about 80% of cases Physical examination Investigations Sometimes Types of Clinical Examinations 1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis 3- Diagnosis of specific problem (SOAP) 2- Re-call Diagnosis 4- Emergency Diagnosis 5- Screening Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis - It provides the diagnostic approach needed to compare the diagnostic finding exhibited by the patient with those of several diseases capable of producing the clinical findings. Diagnostic Skills SKILL = The ability to do something well - A skill is a Process NOT an Aim (Getting the right answer is not the aim) Diagnostic Skills The skills that the student should develop fall into two basic categories: I-Investigative Skills II- Analytical Skills Diagnostic Skills I- Investigative Skills: Help to discover and name the problem/s with which the patient present. a- Interrogatory (Questioning) Skills. b- Descriptive Skills. c- Summative Skills. Diagnostic Skills I- Investigative Skills: a- Interrogatory (Questioning) Skills. - How to ask the patient questions. - How to follow up with other questions, until you get the information you need. Diagnostic Skills I- Investigative Skills: b- Descriptive Skills. - Allow to see accurately what you are looking at. - Notice what is important about what you are seeing. Diagnostic Skills I- Investigative Skills: c- Summative Skills. - Allow to take in a large amount of information and weed out exactly what you need. - Then, decide what information is missing. - Also aid in making a brief summary statement of the problem that says what you need to say and NO more. Diagnostic Skills II- Analytical Skills: - Help you to take the large amount of information you gather, compare it to a known body of information on diseases (causes of problems). - Then, decide on the most probable cause of the patients’ problem. Diagnostic Skills II- Analytical Skills: - With good analytical skills you will know when you don’t have enough information to make a decision and what you have to do to get the information you need. - Deciding what to do to treat your patient once you know what is the cause of the problem. - Help in follow up the treatment and learn from the results. Diagnostic Skills - The Goal of learning the Basic Diagnostic Skills is to develop skills with which the student can discover, analyze, diagnose, treat and follow up patient problem. Diagnostic Skills Objectives: 1- Elicit and interpret a patient’s chief complaint. 2- Describe and interpret oral soft tissue and hard tissue lesions in terms of Location, Color and Morphology as they appear on physical examination and on radiographs. Diagnostic Skills Objectives: 3- Synthesize data from the chief complaint, history of the present illness, physical examination, medical and dental histories and other diagnostics tests to derive a pre-hypothesis statement of the patient’s problem and an initial hypothesis list (Differential Diagnosis) for the patient’s problem. Diagnostic Skills Objectives: 4- Critically analyze data from texts and the literature and known information discovered from a patient to test (rule in OR rule out) elements in the initial hypothesis list (Differential Diagnosis). Diagnostic Skills Objectives: 5- Decide how to determine a final diagnosis from the elements in the final differential diagnosis list. 6- Recommend treatment and follow up for patients whose problems you have analyzed. THANK YOU ANY QUESTION??