Name
Class
Chapter 19 – The Cold War
Date
Test Review
1. What were the postwar goals of the United States and the Soviet Union?
The United States wanted to support and protect the conquered nations of
Europe and Asia from the spread of Communism. Creating free democratic
societies would encourage and benefit American trade and the economy.
Meanwhile the Soviet Union wanted to speed up the expansion of Communist
governments throughout the world.
2. How did the iron curtain tighten the Soviet Union’s hold over Eastern Europe?
The Soviet Union established satellite nations behind the so-called iron curtain
separating Communist nations from non-Communist nations setting the tone for
the Cold War.
3. How did Communist advances affect American foreign policy?
Communist overthrow the Chinese government led American Congressman to
demand stronger efforts to contain Communism. Also, Soviet nuclear bomb tests
resulted in the U.S. developing thermonuclear weapons.
4. How did the Cold War affect American life at home?
Fear of a Communist overthrow of the U.S. government resulted in the
development of the Loyalty program investigating all government employees for
affiliation with the Communist party. HUAC was established to investigate
disloyalty in America. The McCarran-Walter Act limited the number of
immigrants that could enter the U.S. from satellite nations of the Soviet Union.
Also, members of government were convicted of espionage.
5. What were the three stages of the Korean War?
Stage 1:
June 1950 North Korean troops advanced across the 38th parallel
to reunite Korea by force, pushing South Korean forces all the way back to
Pusan.
Stage 2:
The United States gained unanimous approval for resolutions that
branded North Korea an aggressor and that called on member states to help
defend South Korea and restore peace. UN forces led by Douglas MacArthur
pushed North Korean forces out of South Korea back into China over the Yalu
River.
Stage 3:
Chinese troops took the offensive at the Yalu River. The Chinese
and North Koreans pushed UN forces back to South Korea creating a stalemate
near the original boundary lines at the 38th parallel.
Name
Class
Date
6. What were the effects of the Korean War?
U.S. forces suffered 54,000 casualties and another 103,000 wounded. The
Korean War resulted in increased military spending by the U.S establishing links
to corporate and scientific communities creating a military-industrial complex.
The Korean War strengthened ties with Japan while created a wider gap
between the U.S. and Communist China.
7. What were the characteristics of the McCarthy Era?
Senator Joe McCarthy from Wisconsin accused 205 members of the state
department as being Communists. His accusations destroyed the political
careers and reputations of members of government. McCarthy’s accusations
gain so much support that many members of government were intimidated to
challenge his unjustified accusations. McCarthy was later discredited for
attacking members of the military on nationalized television when citizens
realized he was making these accusations without evidence.
8. How did the arms race develop?
Shortly after World War II, the Soviet Union developed its own nuclear weapons.
In 1953 the Soviets tested their 1st hydrogen bomb motivating the United States
to create an even more powerful thermonuclear bomb in 1954. Both countries
raced each other to develop a more powerful nuclear arsenal in order to deter the
other from attacking. The Soviets focused on rocketry developing long range
missiles that launched the first satellite in space in 1957. In 1960 the Soviets
shot down a U-2 spy plane convincing the U.S. it must focus more resources on
arms development in order to catch up and surpass the Soviet Union.