JAPAN Periods 3-6 Period 3-Isolation Geography- rocky, island- isolated from mainland Language separate from Chinese Religion- Shintoism-animistic that emphasized nature/spirits (kami) that inhabit objects in nature Developed aristocratic clans Some trade with Tang (China) Yamato Clan took over introduced Buddhism Period 3-Fujiwara Rule/Heian Age Culture Melding of Shintoism, Confucianism & Buddhism Mastered Chinese building styles Aristocracy appreciated poetry Tale of Genji- (c1000 CE) written by a noblewoman (Murasaki Shikibu) First book written in Japanese Described court life Ironic that women were not encouraged to be educated! Japanese dynasties rarely changed (unlike China) since emperor had little power Government- entrusted to warriors Shogun- military governor who ruled in place of emperor Period 3-Minamoto Clan est Bakufu –military government Like Europe-developed feudalism Regional lords controlled land and economic powers Unlike Fujiwara aristocracy-valued military skills rather than poetic skills Local Lords supported by warriors-Samurais Samurais provided military services in exchange for food, clothing and housing Lived by Bushido code (code of the warrior)-complete loyalty to lord If violated code, committed seppuku (suicide by knife to the guts) Political instability-period characterized by much fighting among lords Feudalism in Japan vs Europe Japan Europe Both decentralized, lack of bureaucracy, strong ties between lords and vassals, peasants provide labor Both decentralized, lack of bureaucracy, strong ties between lords and vassals, peasants provide labor Honor Code- no written codes Lasting effects today in the loyalty codes of Japanese businesses Based on written agreements or contracts (think Magna Carta or Cannon Law and a history of written agreements in Europe) Led to development of Parliaments Samurai granted USE of land not ownership Effect—Samurai always below their landowning lord- clear social distinction Knight/Vassals GIVEN land so could change in status and rival their lord Period 4 Government decentralized Daimyos held local power even though pledged allegiance to emperor, they acted independently late1500s civil war leads to Toyotomi Hideyoshi taking power Attacked Korea—Korean ironclad “turtle boats” defeat Japanese navy—stopped Hideyoshi from attacking Chinese Ming Dynasty Period 4-Isolation Tokugawa Shogunate (aka bakufu)-1603-1867 Government centralized To control daimyo- created alternate attendance requiring daimyo to spend every other year at court-weakened daimyo Economics- increased agricultural production (like China)—led to problems in population control (Japan had limited space) Limited trade with west and China—limited to one entry (similar to Canton System) Culture economically by requiring them to keep two houses politically because could not plot revolts while at court Similar system to Louis XIV in France of having his nobles live at Versailles with him Faith-rooted in combination of Shintoism, Buddhism & Confucianism –based on hierarchies Christian missionaries expelled 1580s Theatre-Kabuki, poetry Social Structure- strict hierarchy but agricultural production sees rise in merchant wealth and status—Samurai became idle elites who fell in to debt Period 5 Tokugawa Shogunate still in power USA (Matthew Perry/black ships) demands Japan open trade – like the Chinese had just done for Great Britain Shogun agreed to Unequal Treaty-treaty of Kanagawa-similar to Chinese treating granting trading privileges As a result of unequal treaties, Daimyos (local lords) rebel and start a new government Period 5-Meiji Restoration Japan becomes equal to west Oligarchy (rule by a few) takes power but had a figurehead emperor Oligarchy wants to make TOTAL reforms (unlike China where no consensus) Culture/Education Increase literacy with primary schools for all Increase science and technology training home and abroad Keep Japanese moral codes/censor texts ( based on Shintoism) Government Westernize military based on draft (conscription) new technology-defeat Russia in Russo-Japanese War 1904 Broader taxes, eliminate money to Samurai, fill bureaucracy by merit Economics (one of last to industrial but very successful) Industrialize- government banks, railroads, mines, shipyards, steel factories, textiles-promote private enterprise and social mobility! Period 6-World War II Invaded Manchuria then China 1940 Signed Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy War in Pacific Took European colonies in SE Asia-GB and US cut off shipments of oil and steel to Japan Dec 7, 1941 attach Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) and bring US into WWII Japan takes Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Malaya by 1942 Lost to US at Battles of Coral Sea and Midway-US began “island hopping” capturing key islands in Pacific US drops atomic bomb on Japanese ports Hiroshima & Nagasaki-Japan surrenders Atomic Bomb Pros Immediate surrender of Japan- saved lives of military invading Japan Cons Total War- hundreds of thousands of civilians dead or burned to suffer effects of radiation Use of technology can save US starts Atomic Age/Arms military lives race that continues through Cold War Definitive end to WWII Changes environment of unlike ending of WWII Japan