T
Investment requires that they build infrastructure
LMPI 10
(Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment, “Manual For Public Investment Program (PIP) Program
Management”, August,
http://www.jica.go.jp/project/laos/0700667/materials/pdf/ProgramManual/ProgramMa nual_eng.pdf)
Public investment is defined as investment from government resources , domestic or foreign, with AND
technical promotion (ex. training) is generally done using public investment.
The Department of Transportation agrees – investment means they
have to build something in the U.S.
DOT 03 (U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics,
"Transportation Investment-Concepts, Data and Analysis," draft, compiled based on data from
U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC), Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), "Fixed Assets
and Consumer Durables," and personal communications with BEA; and USDOC, U.S. Census
Bureau, "Value of Construction Put in Place Statistics," Detailed Construction Expenditure
Tables, available at http://www.census. gov, as of February 2003.
http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2003/html/chapter
_02/figure_109.html
Investment in transportation infrastructure includes the purchase or construction
value of transportation facilities and structures
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. Current dollar amounts (which are available in appendix B of this report
Resolved means determined and unchangeable
Dictionary.com 06
(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, verb)
to come to a definite or earnest decision about; determine (to do something): I have resolved
that I shall live to the full.
Interpretation – Transportation infrastructure are ports, roads, rail
systems, and aviation
Akinwale 10 (Akeem Ayofe, Professor of Sociology – Covenant University (Nigeria), “The
Menace of Inadequate Infrastructure in Nigeria”, African Journal of Science, Technology,
Innovation, and Development, 2(3), p. 209-210)
3. The Concept of Infrastructure¶ Research on infrastructure dwells on different issues such
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services¶ 6. Education Infrastructure: all categories of schools and higher institutions
Substantial is 556 billion dollars
Michele 11, Principal/Founder of Policy in Motion, completed her Master’s of Science degree in Transportation Technology
and Policy from the University of California, Obama Spreads Valentine Love to Transportation with $556B Proposal: Infrastructure
Bank, Livability Grants, Doubling Transit Funds By Lauren Michele, February 16, 2011 http://policyinmotion.com/2011/02/obamaspreads-valentine-love-to-transportation-with-556b-proposal-infrastructure-bank-livability-grants-doubling-transit-funds/
In his 2012 fiscal year budget released on Feb. 14, President Barack Obama
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infrastructure bank, and a heavy emphasis on expanding high-speed rail.
Violation – they spend less than that
That’s a voting issue
They are obligated to provide enough evidence to prove they are
topical – The alternative would be judge intervention.
Annual Review of Criminal Procedure 09 (38 Geo. L.J. Ann. Rev.
Crim. Proc. 491)
The burden of proof consists of two parts: the burden of production and the
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); MCCORMICK, EVIDENCE §§ 336-337 (5th ed. 1999).
Substantial means certain
Words and Phrases 64 (40 W&P 759)
The words “outward, open, actual, visible, substantial, and exclusive
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or pertaining to any others; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive.
K
Relational planning is nothing new – the IDF and US military has
been embracing complexity since WWII, using non-linear tactics to
secure the hegemonic order. The urban city becomes the new
medium for warfare as we walk through the walls of relational
infrastructure.
Weizman 2007 (Eyal, Israeli Architect and Professor of Spatial Planning at Goldsmiths
College UK, “Walking Through Walls, http://eipcp.net/transversal/0507/weizman/en)
The maneuver
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conducted by units of the Israeli military during the attack on the city
reflect upon the “conceptual destruction” of political categories that they imply.
Anti-urbanism’s culmination is a racist fantasies of constant war
against the global south through killing machines
GRAHAM 8
CITY, VOL. 12, NO. 1, APRIL 2008
Robowar™ dreams: US military technophilia and global south urbanization
The above analysis of what I call the ‘urban turn’ in the US military’s
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detailed micro-geographies of the burgeoning urban environments of the global south.
The alternative is to resist all drives towards urbicide as a way of
reclaiming the right to the city
Resistance to this urbicidal dynamic must be total GRAHAM 4
Stephen Graham is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Durham. He holds a
degree on Geography (Southampton, 1986), an M. Phil. In Urban Planning (Newcastle, 1989),
and a Ph.D. in Science and Technology Policy (Manchester, 1995). Between 1989 and 2002 he
worked in planning and economic development at Sheffield City Council.
http://www.ciudad-derechos.org/english/pdf/aal.pdf.
Above all, it is profoundly clear that the end results of both positions --
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messages with the one word that says everything : ‘No!’”.
Relational planning is Reagan and the Bush administration.
Neoliberal governmentality is ALREADY a question of complexity and
the play of uncertainty—without challenging the larger drive for
securitization currently undergirded by planning, the affirmative just
finetunes our tools for producing fear and militarizing complexity
Massumi 2005 (Brian, Brian Massumi is a Canadian social theorist. Massumi's research
spans the fields of art, architecture, political theory, cultural studies and philosophy. He received
his Ph.D in French Literature from Yale University in 1987, Brian Massumi – The Future Birth
of the Affective Fact
Conference Proceedings : Genealogies of Biopolitics,
http://browse.reticular.info/text/collected/massumi.pdf)
Neoliberal governance goes hand in hand with a culture of risk. It is an
AND
to keep on keep on running, carrying itself to ever higher powers.
Building infrastructure based on uncertainty is a form of biopolitical
control that turns subjects into affects and allows endless exclusion,
killing, and destruction
Aradau 2011 (Claudia, Professor of Social Sciences at King’s College London and Professor
at the Open University, http://www.radicalphilosophy.com/web/whats-left-of-biopolitics)
The differences in the interpretations of ‘biopolitics’ and its ‘beyond’ that the four
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, this undecidability is the springboard for thinking
biopolitics.
the critical purchase of
In practice their alternative will further tyrannical control and
genocide
Richard Barbrook, coordinator of the Hypermedia Research Centre at the University of Westminster,
8/27/1998, http://amsterdam.nettime.org/Lists-Archives/nettime-l-9808/msg00091.html, accessed 3/3/03
Deleuze and Guattari enthusiastically joined this attack against the concept of historical progress. For
AND
genocide. The 'line of flight' from Stalin had led to Pol Pot.
it also gets militarized- D&G have no revolutionary struggle- the Israeli defense
force uses their theories to aid in Palestinian
Zizek in 8 [Slavoj; senior researcher @ U of Ljubjlana; In Defense
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military, economic, and ideologico-political) operational mode of contemporary capitalism
Politics slew
Obama massively pushing immigration now which is key to passage – key to Obama
second term legacy means it will be a full court press
Western Free Press on 4-23 [“Obama’s OFA Launches Campaign-Style Push for Immigration
Reform”, http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/04/23/obamas-ofa-launches-campaign-style-push-forimmigration-reform/]
The Obama administration is mobilizing millions of supporters in a national effort
to pass the
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battles on immigration reform, but they have yet to win the war.
Plan drains Presidential capital
Freemark ’12 (Yonah – Master of Science in Transportation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Bachelor of
Arts in Architecture, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yale University with Distinction. Also a freelance
journalist who has been published in Planning Magazine; Next American City Magazine; Dissent; The Atlantic Cities; Next American
City Online; and The Infrastructurist – He created and continues to write for the website The Transport Politic – The Transport
Politic – “On Infrastructure, Hopes for Progress This Year Look Glum” – January 25th, 2012 –
http://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2012/01/25/on-infrastructure-hopes-for-progress-this-year-look-glum/)
President Obama barely mentions the need for improvements in the nation’s capital stock in his
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more than replicate the existing law, perhaps with a few bureaucratic reforms.
Our current immigration system is rooted in racist exclusion which
makes violence possible
Velasquez 92 (Manuel, Dirksen Professor of Business Ethics at Santa Clara University, is the author of Business Ethics:
Concepts and Cases, 3rd ed. (Prentice Hall, 1992), “Immigration: Is Exclusion Just?”,
http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v7n2/velasquez.html, Hemanth)
For example, because immigrants from less-developed nations are usually willing to work
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claims that citizens have an absolute moral right to exclude whomever they want .¶
This impact outweighs and internal link turns all of their aff and their criticisms of
the politics disadvantage
Jacome 12 (Felipe, "Trans-Mexican Migration: a Case of Structural Violence," London
School of Economics, March 7, clas.georgetown.edu/files/Trans-Mexican%20Migration%20%20Felipe%20Jacome.pdf)
This paper has argued that the afflictions experienced by trans-Mexican migrants needs to
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-migrants links up as escape valve for other parallel structures of violence.
immigration restrictions means the aff doesn’t have the workers to solve
Council on Competitiveness 9. [ “Mobilizing a World Class Energy Workforce” December
--
http://www.compete.org/images/uploads/File/PDF%20Files/CoC_-_Pillar_6_Handout_-_Mobilizing_a_WorldClass_Energy_Workforce,_Dec09.pdf]
America currently lacks an energy workforce of sufficient size and capabilities to meet the needs
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working closely with educational institutions as ¶ well as within their own organizations.
Boston bombing won’t affect the immigration debate
The Hill on 4-23 [http://thehill.com/homenews/house/295563-hoyerboston-bombings-not-relevant-to-immigration-reform-debate,
“Hoyer: Boston terror bombings not relevant to immigration reform
debate]
Rep. Steny Hoyer (D-Md.) said
last week’s Boston Marathon bombings
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welfare of our people, and I think that will be a consensus."¶
PC key – CIR still requires 70 votes in order to get the House to pass it
Politico.com on 4-25 [“70+ votes for immigration reform?”,
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/04/leaders-at-least-70-votes-for-immigration-reform-90626.html]
The two lead negotiators in the Senate’s Gang of Eight said on Thursday that they
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process, with Schumer adding that it has been “just about perfect.”
Pc is key to generating momentum
Sink and Mali 3-25. [Justin, Meghashyam, reporters, "Obama: 'The time has come' to move immigration reform in
Congress" The HIll -- thehill.com/video/administration/290129-obama-the-time-has-come-to-move-immigration-reform]
Obama said he expects debate on an immigration bill to “begin next month”
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but their work has
already received general support from leaders in both parties.
Loss of pc collapses obamas push
Amy Harder, National Journal, 2/6/13, In Washington, Energy and Climate Issues Get
Shoved in the Closet, www.nationaljournal.com/columns/power-play/in-washington-energyand-climate-issues-get-shoved-in-the-closet-20130206
At a news conference where TV cameras in the back were nearly stacked on top
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a big win on immigration reform while striking a political blow to Republicans.”
Ignoring political tradeoffs is totalitarian
Dean Richard Villa, Political Theory – UC Santa Barbara, ‘96
(Arendt and Heidegger: The Fate of the Political, p. 246-7)
Arendt appropriates Heidegger’s genealogy of the technical sense of action in order to highlight the
AND
, in other words, that is not a political community at all.¶
Voting issue – accountability key
Gary Novack, Independent Scientist, No Date
(http://nov55.com/democ.html)
The purposeful democracy which created the USA no longer exists, and the country is
AND
It is possible to influence the result. Only truth can overcome corruption.
Rejecting the argument means no accountability
Sandra Harris et al ‘6, Prof Emeritus – Nottingham Trent, Karen Grainger, Lect
Communications – Sheffield Hallam, & Louise Mullany, Linguist – U Nottingham, (Discourse
Society 17, “The pragmatics of political apologies”)
Downing Street, on the other hand, claimed that Ms Hewitt was not saying
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Prime Minister should apologize for taking the British nation to war in Iraq.
Case
Yes T.I is defined by systematic uncertainty—unless use flexible
governance, we lock-in a status quo unable to deal with alternative
futures and increasingly deadly outcomes
Inayatullah 2003 [Sohail Inayatullah, Professor in Graduate Institute of Futures Studies,
Tamkang University, Adjunct Professor in the Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of
the Sunshine Coast and Adjunct Professor at Macquarie University Center For Policing,
Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, “Alternative Futures of Transport” foresight 5.1: 34-43]
Inayatullah 1
Given the reality of the Los Angelization of South-East Queensland by 2020,
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nightmares''. Thus the image of today can create
the future of tomorrow.
The willful lack of US disaster preparedness is a crucial aspect of
interior colonization—so-called natural disasters are planned and
calculated within the state itself because they justify mapping
neoliberal economics onto racial geographies. Economies of antiblackness coalesce in disaster, where the state’s only function
becomes militarizing these zones of sacrifice---the struggle for
survival becomes criminalized
Agathangelou 2010 (Anna, Associate Professor of Political Science at York University,
“Necro (neo) colonization,” in International Relations and States of Exception, ed. by Biswas)
Twenty-one years after the Bhopal accident, in late August of 2005,
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imperial con- flicts/antagonisms and above all, thwart ontological antagonisms.
Unless we attack the spatial logic of disposability, every coming
disaster is another opportunity for neo-colonial powers to militarize
certain populations marked for death, and invisibilize the process--we
must recognize economies of blackness: the disaster is here, the
disaster is now.
Agathangelou 2010 (Anna, Associate Professor of Political Science at York University,
“Necro (neo) colonization,” in International Relations and States of Exception, ed. by Biswas)
Cesaire was writing about the dismemberment of the black body that colonization (and not
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of politics, governmentalities, bodies, ecologies, life, and death.
D&G do not escape from the traditions of Humanism and Anthropocentrism
Miller, Yale, in 2003
[Christopher L., "We Shouldn't Judge Deleuze and Guattari": A Response to Eugene Holland, Research in African Literatures, Vol.
34, No. 3]
More generally, Holland seeks to impose strict limits on the terms by¶ which
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I will¶ discuss below, makes this clear in a broader frame.
Deleuze and Guattari make a mistake by separating philosophy and history. This leads
to them appropriating colonial terms. The work has the taint of the colonizer
Miller, Yale, in 2003
[Christopher L., "We Shouldn't Judge Deleuze and Guattari": A Response to Eugene Holland, Research in African Literatures, Vol.
34, No. 3]
It is in the name of philosophy that Holland frames his defense of¶ A
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what Peter Hallward¶ so accurately calls "a world without others." 16
The 1ac is entrenched in the logic of the liberal order and securitization of terrorism,
this domination reinforces racism – genealogy is key
Rodriguez ’11 [Dylan, PhD in Ethnic Studies Program of the University of California Berkeley and Associate Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of
California Riverside, “The Black Presidential Non-Slave: Genocide and the Present Tense of Racial Slavery”, Political Power and Social Theory Vol. 22, pp. 38-43]
To crystallize what I hope to be the potentially useful implications of this provocation toward
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people are incarcerated with the overwhelming consent of white/multiculturalist civil society.
Their reformism is anti-revolutionary – historically, public social investments like the
aff are used to create a narrative of national redemption from racism. The use of
expansive taxation and market mechanisms is used to incorporate and defuse antiracist struggles around issues like public transportation
Baca ‘8 [George, assistant professor of anthropology at Goucher College, “Neoliberalism and stories of racial
redemption”, Dialectical Anthropology, 2008, Volume 32, Number 3, Pages 219-241, Springer]
In the vacuum left by federal government cutbacks, city governments like Fayetteville assumed
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Fayetteville and elsewhere in the U.S. South (Baca 2006).
greater