Six Kingdoms
organism
• any living thing
cell
• The smallest unit of an organism that can
carry out the functions of life
homeostasis
• an organism’s ability to keep the proper
conditions inside no matter what is going on
outside the organism
Cells and Characteristics
of Life (5)
•
•
•
•
•
1. made of cells
2. use energy
3. grow and develop
4. have the ability to reproduce
5. respond to stimuli (changes in the environment )
MADE
UP
OF
CELLS
REPRODUCE
5
CHARACHTERISTICS
OF LIVING
THINGS
GROW
AND
DEVELOP
RESPOND
TO
CHANGES
USE
ENERGY
3 things that all organisms need
• Food
• Water
• A place to live
classification
• grouping organisms or objects based on
similarities and differences between them
Carolus Linnaeus
• a Swedish naturalist that developed a system
to classify organisms
kingdom
• the highest level of organization
binomial nomenclature
• a naming system where every organism
is given a two-part name (scientific name)
scientific name
• the name given to an organism based
on the genus to which it belongs and its
species name
How do you write the scientific
name for an organism?
• The genus name comes first and is always
capitalized
• The species name comes second and always
starts with a lower case letter
• If typed, use italics; if handwritten, underline
it
Felis domesticus
Felis domesticus
Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris
Genus and species names
Where does the scientific name of a creature
come from?
genus
• A group of similar species
species
• a group of similar organisms that can breed to
produce fertile offspring; the lowest level of
classification
dichotomous key
• a tool to classify organisms by choosing their
characteristics from a series of paired
statements
Dichotomous Keys
• The identification of biological organisms can
be greatly simplified using tools such as
dichotomous keys.
• A dichotomous key is an organized set of
couplets (paired statements) of characteristics
of organisms.
Dichotomous Keys
• You simply compare the characteristics of an
unknown organism against an appropriate
dichotomous key.
• These keys will begin with general characteristics and
lead to couplets (paired statements) indicating
progressively specific characteristics. If the organism
falls into one category, you go to the next indicated
couplet.
• By following the key and making the correct choices,
you should be able to identify your specimen to the
indicated taxonomic level.
Dichotomous Keys
2
1
2
4
3
5
Dichotomous Keys
1a.Bean is round
Garbanzo bean
1b.Bean is elliptical or oblong Go to 2
2a.Bean is white
2b.Bean has dark pigments
White northern
Go to 3
3a.Bean is evenly pigmented Go to 4
3b.Bean pigmentation is mottled
Pinto bean
4a.Bean is black
4b.Bean is reddish-brown
Black bean
Kidney bean
What saying can help you remember the order
of the levels in a classification chart?
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Spaghetti
What is the order of the levels in a
classification chart?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
unicellular
• made up of only one cell
multicellular
• made up of two or more cells
prokaryote
• a unicellular organism whose cell does not
contain a nucleus
eukaryotes
• a living thing whose cells contain a nucleus
autotroph
• an organism that is able to make their own
food
heterotroph
• an organism that gets its food by eating other
organisms
bacteria
• unicellular, prokaryotic organisms
protists
• Eukaryotic organisms that are divided into 3
groups:
• plant-like,
• animal-like, and
• fungus-like
fungi
• most are multicellular, one kind is unicellular,
all are eukaryotic, and heterotrophic
plants
• multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic
organisms
animals
• multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic
organisms