The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
A New Kind of Revolution
Main Idea
In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of
the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many
other industries.
Essential Questions
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production
of textiles?
• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?
• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
A Revolution in Great Britain
During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of
power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
Factors for Success
Agricultural Factors
1. Colonization- gave Britain
more raw materials & new
market for finished goods
• Research and development on
farms
2. Strong navy- aided in trade &
transportation
• Improved livestock breeding
3. Govt. Support- passed many
laws that favored business
4. Private investment- provided
funds for investment
• Seed drill
• Better varieties of food crops
– Increased food supply
– Population grew
• Enclosure movement
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Britain’s Big Advantage
The Industrial Revolution began in Great
Britain.
• Had essential elements for economic success
• Factors of production
– Land
– Labor
– Capital
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Find the Main Idea
Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally
suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution?
Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied
raw materials; powerful navy facilitated trade;
waterways provided power and transportation;
enclosure movement led to large labor supply;
private investors provided funds for investment;
coal and iron deposits provided needed resources
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
A Revolution in Textiles
• Textile Industry was beginning of Industrial Revolution
• Weaving was a cottage industry, where labor was performed @
home
• Industrialization changed this!
New Way of Making Cloth
- Supply of wool increased
- Cotton farming more profitable
b/c of slave labor in America
• Invention of cotton gin, spinning
jenny, & flying shuttle made
cotton even more profitable
Cloth-making in Factories
• Cottages were too small for
large equipment
• Factory invented, but they
needed power?
• Water frame invented for water
power
• Many factories built close to?
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Identify Problem and Solution
How did machines solve problems that
weavers faced?
Answer(s): spinning jenny, spinning frame, and
flying shuttle made weaving faster
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Steam Powers the Revolution
Development of Steam
Engine
• Most efficient steam engine
invented by James Watt
Coal for Steam Engines
• Steam engines needed
large amounts of fuel to
heat water
• Steam power meant factories
no longer had to be near water
• Wood was scarce
• Steam locomotives
• Coal mining industry
boomed
• Steamships developed by
Robert Fulton
• Mining was very
dangerous
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Make Generalizations
What impact did the steam engine have on
the growth of British industry?
Answer(s): factories could be located away from
rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to
development of coal as a resource, more factories
built near coal mines
Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
Industrialization Spreads
Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United
States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s.
Why Western
Countries?
• Political liberty
• Freedom to
compete
• Rewards
reaped
• Improvements
America
Europe & Asia
- Britain outlawed
export of machines
or skilled people
• Belgium, 1807
• Samuel Slater
• Germany, 1850
-had to sneak on
ship to America.
Built water frame
from memory &
was very
successful
• France, 1815
• Japan, 1868 was
first in Asia to
industrialize
The Industrial Revolution
Section 1
Compare and Contrast
How did industrialization in Britain compare
to the process in America and Europe?
Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America
and Europe benefited from earlier inventions;
political issues delayed industrial development in
mainland Europe