Test #1 Slide Review
Fall 2010
Essay Questions:
Research your answers before the exam.
Do not use notes on the exam. Write thorough and concise answers.
1.What impact was the camera to make on modern art?
2. What is Dada?
3. Explain some of the ideas and impact of Marcel Duchamp in
relation to modern art.
Impressionism /Post Impressionism
CUBISM
EXPRESSIONISM
FAUVISM
ART NOUVEAU
SURREALISM
BAUHAUS
CONST
ART DECO
REGIONLISM
Abstract
Expressionism
POP
MINIMALISM
POSTMODERN
NEO _ EXPRERSSIONISM
1940 1960
The Daguerreotype
In 1822 French inventor Joseph Nicephore Niepce
succeeded in making the first permanent photographic
image. He joined Louis Jaques Daguerre who devised
an improved camera. The daguerreotype was unveiled
publicly in 1839. The announcement urged William
Henry Fox Talbot of England to complete his own photographic process involving a paper negative from which
positives could be made
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon, 1907
Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937 11’ x 25’
Nazi officer: “So, you did this? Picasso: “No, you did.”
Art Survey 3
Georges Braques
Woman with Guitar
Analytic Cubism
Pablo Picasso
Woman with Mandolin
Analytic cubism
After the camera, where’s modern art headed?
•Severed from object / connected to subject
•Rejection of perspective space
•Geometry = “universal /irreducible” form
•Rejection of historical forms /subjects in favor of new artistic form
•Emphasis on subjective, personal, individual, self
•Plasticity / formalist approaches
Wassily Kandinsky, Composition 4, 1911
Wassily Kandinsky, Composition 8, 1923
Franz Marc, Fate of the Animals, 1913, Der Blaue Reiter -Munich
George Bellows, Stag at Sharkey’s, 1909
Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Yellow and Blue, 1921
Hannah Hoch
Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife
Through the Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural
Epoch in Germany
1919 -20
Marcel Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
1912
Exhibited amidst controversy at the Armory Show
1913
Marcel Duchamp
“Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors Even”
The Large Glass
1915 -1923
Rene Magritte
Son of Man
The Telescope
Joseph Cornell,
Penny Arcade for Lauren Bacall
1955
20” x 16” x 3”
Joseph Cornell,
Habitat Group for a Shooting Gallery
13” x 11” x 4”
Giorgio Di Chirico
Love Song
Paul Delvaux, Sleeping Venus
Salvador Dali
Soft construction With Baked Beans
Premonition of Civil War
1936
Contemporary Art History
Yves Tanguy
Contemporary Art History
Man Ray
Surrealist Photography
Louis Bunuel, Un Chien Andalou
Edward Hopper, New York Movie, 1939
Edward Hopper, Nighthawks, 1942
Margaret Bourke-White
Germans made to face crimes at Buchenwald
1945
Alfred Eisenstadt
Stuart Davis, The Mellow Pad, 1945 - 51
William Gottlieb
Billie Holiday
1940’s
Andrew Wyeth, Christina’s World, 1948
Contemporary Art History
Artist: Jackson Pollock Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Mark Rothko
Date /Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Willem DeKooning
Title: Excavation
Date /Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Robert Motherwell
Title: Elegy for the Spanish Republic
Date /Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Franz Kline
Date /Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Arshile Gorky
Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Ad Reinhardt
Period: Abstract Expressionism
Artist: Roy Lichtenstein
Date /Period: Pop Art
Artist: Andy Warhol
Date /Period: Pop Art
Artist: Jasper Johns
Date /Period: Pop Art
Artist: Ed Ruscha
Period: Pop Art
Artist: Wayne Thiebaud
Date /Period: Pop Art
Contemporary Art
Artist: Robert Rauschenberg
Date /Period: Pop Art
Artist: James Rosenquist Title: F111 Date /Period: Pop Art
Artist: Chuck Close
Period: Photorealism
Contemporary Art History
Artist: Donald Judd
Chinati Foundation
Period: Minimalism
Artist: Dan Flavin
Period: Minimalism
Artist: Christo and Jeanne Claude
Title: Surrounded Islands, Miami, 1980 -83
Period: Conceptual Art
Artist: Christo and Jeanne Claude
Title: Umbrellas Project
Period: Conceptual Art
Artist: Christo and Jeanne Claude
Title: Wrapped Reichstag 1971 -1995
Period: Conceptual Art
Artist: James Turell
Spread, 2003, fluorescent light / neon
Conceptual art / minimalism
Robert Capa, Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Life Magazine, 1936
Classical architectural language and massive scale were critical to the Third Reich’s aesthetic.
Classical motifs connected the Reich’s architecture to the great civilizations of antiquity.
Monumentality prompted awe, emotional connection, associations of power and individual
sacrifice on a massive scale.
Arno Breker
“The Party”
•Hitler failed to gain entrance into Fine Art Academy in Vienna on three occasions.
•Once in power, party gathered and displayed modernist art in attempt at public ridicule.
•Saw modernist art as sign of mental / social decay.
1. Grand Dome
2. Palace of the Fuhrer
3. Chancellerie
4. Klaut Commandement
5. Reichstag
6. Ponte de Brandebourg
“Modernism had engendered animosity everywhere, from New York to London to Budapest and St, Petersburg.
Everywhere there were those who regarded it a s a form of madness being propagated by an underworld of anarchist
deviants. But only in Germany was the phenomenon transformed from a matter of aesthetic taste into an ideological
dispute and from that into an issue of outright political warfare. Max Nordau a pioneer Zionist, published his widely read
book, Degeneration, which applied the concept of biological degeneration to cultural decline. According to this, societies
were living organisms, subject to the same biological processes as birth, development, decay and death. By the same
token, degenerate painting was the was the product of biologically degenerate painters, who suffered from, among
other ailments, brain debilitation and optical disease. Impressionists for example, were victims of disorders of the
nervous system and the retina. such degenerates were enemies of society, “anti – social vermin” who must be mercilessly
crushed. Nordau proposed that they should be tried as criminals or committed to insane asylums. Expressionism, for
instance, was a pathological symptom, an illness. to spread the word, he went on a national tour in the 1930’s and
showed slides juxtaposing clinical photos of deformities with photos of works by such artists as Barlach, Kirchner, Nolde.”
- Spotts, pg. 23 – 24
(Synesthesia, Gattica)
In an effort toward “cultural cleansing” the Nazis”
• Burned some 20,000 books in public squares
• Banned more than 1000 titles
• 4000 publications had been shut down, others were under the constant scrutiny of the information issued less it not reconcile
with part policy.
• 1938, by the time the confiscation committees were done, the Reich had impounded almost 5,000 paintings, 12, 000
drawings, prints and sculptures, the works of around 1400 artists.
• Stolen works were sold abroad to buy Old Masters works, precisely what Hitler had accused Jewish dealers of doing to
his own work.
• Most were sold or publicly destroyed with money diverted to the war effort or the eventual acquisition of new work for
Germany’s re –building.
A pleased Goebbels leads Hitler through the “Degenerate Art show in Munich in 1937. Even among the organizers
the show was controversial up to the very last, with strong disagreements over which paintings to include. It was a
debate that would continue on after the exhibition.
James Nachtwey , Rwanda, 1994
Art Survey 3
Eddie Adams, Life Magazine, 1968
When Brig. Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan pointed a gun at a prisoner in the middle of a Saigon street, Eddie Adams thought it was
just a threat. He raised his camera anyway and captured this picture of the Vietcong Capt. Bay Lop at the instant of death.
Harper’s correspondent Tom buckley called it “the moment when the american public turned against the war.” Loan later
escaped to America and died in 1998
Maya Lin, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington D.C. 1982