The Spread of Industrialization
and Industrial Prosperity
The (Second) Industrial Revolution
* Up to this point, in the INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION we have discussed:
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
The ORIGINS and CAUSES…
URBANIZATION and the CONSEQUENCES it had on cities…
NEW INVENTIONS and INNOVATIONS that drove the Revolution…
FACTORIES, FACTORY LIFE and CHILD LABOR…
SOCIAL IMPACT of the Revolution…
QUICK UNIT RECAP!!!
The BIG PICTURE
* The SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION was a phase of the Industrial
Revolution during the second half of the 19th century until World War I.
It is considered to have begun around the time of the introduction of
BESSEMER STEEL in the 1860s and culminated in early FACTORY
ELECTRIFICATION, MASS PRODUCTION and the ASSEMBLY LINE!
* The Second Industrial Revolution saw RAPID INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT in Great Britain, Germany, France, Japan and the
United States.
* It followed the First Industrial Revolution in the sense that it began in
Great Britain in the late 18th century then spread throughout Western
Europe and North America.
* While the First Industrial Revolution was centered on iron, steam and
textile production, the Second Industrial Revolution revolved around
STEEL, RAILROADS, ELECTRICITY and CHEMICALS.
Geography Skills
Geography Skills
1.) Locate the areas that have the heaviest concentrations of industry.
“What geographic factors could have helped these areas become
heavily industrialized?”
* …the presence of rivers and large bodies of water;
* …easy access to natural resources.
2.) Use the information provided in this map to “create a chart that
shows the type of industry in each European country.”
COUNTRY
INDUSTRY
Spain
Steel, chemicals
France
Steel, chemicals, electricity
United Kingdom
Steel, chemicals
German Empire
Steel, chemicals, electricity
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum
Italy
Steel, chemicals
Russian Empire
Steel, chemicals
New Products: Reading Check
1.) “What new types of industry developed in Europe by the time of
the Second Industrial Revolution? Why did these changes happen?”
* …steel, petroleum, electricity, chemicals;
* …new inventions, innovations and discoveries led to the replacement
of older industries and energy sources.
Science, Tech. & Society:
Critical Thinking Skills
1.) “How did the automobile accelerate change in the business
world?”
* …it opened new financial markets, made existing financial markets
bigger! – businesses are no longer held in check by geography!
2.) “What are the major BENEFITS and COSTS of automotive
technology?” (THINK: “What other effects did the automobile have on society?”)
* …people can live/work where they want; opened new markets for
business; goods/people can travel farther and faster; people became
independent of mass transit schedules (BENEFITS)
* …air pollution; traffic congestion; noise; fossil fuel depletion (COSTS)
New Patterns: Reading Check
1.) “What economic factors fostered rapid change and new patterns
in society at the end of the 19th century?”
* … reduced transportation costs, lowered production costs, lowered
prices of goods, more efficient production and increased wages for
workers.
Toward a World Economy: Reading Check
1.) “Why did Europe dominate the world economy by the beginning
of the 20th century?
* …Europeans invested abroad to develop railways, mines, power
plants and banks, while foreign countries provided materials and
markets for manufactured goods from Europe!