©La-Nette Mark 2014
Did you know computers
are everywhere you look,
and even in places you
can't see. Computers
check out your groceries,
pump your gas, dispense
money at the ATM, and
control the way a car
runs.
They're everywhere!
Some Beginning Terms
- the physical parts of the computer.
Software - individual facts like first name, price,
quantity ordered.
Information data which has been
massaged into a
HARDWARE
The Parts of the Computer
.
© La-Nette Mark 2013
What is a computer?
A
is an electronic
device that executes
the instructions in a
program.
A computer has four functions:
•
•
•
•
Input
- Accepts data
– Processing Data
- Produces output
- Stores results
• This is known as
The Information.
Processing
and Memory
Storage
Output
What makes a computer powerful?
• - A computer can perform billions of different
actions per second.
• Reliability - Most are usually due to human
error, one way or another (computers can get
or)
• Storage -
Server
• A runs a network of computers. It
handles the sharing of equipment
like printers and the communication
between computers on the network.
What is Input?
• Everything we tell the computer is.
– The most often used input device is the
keyboard.
• Mouse
• Game Devices
Input: Terminals
• A register terminal
– point-of-sale terminal (POS)
Input: Multimedia
– Sound Input
– Voice Input
• Microphones
– Video Input
• Digital Cameras
Input: Data Automation
The input of in computers through means.
• The first goal of is to in data entry by making
the initial entering of the data as automatic as
possible.
• A second goal of data automation is to avoid
having to re-enter data to perform a
Input: Data Automation
• The scanner works like a copy
machine. It creates a digital image of
what it scanned. Scanned text cannot
be edited at this point.
• Hand-held or fixed devices that can
read the bar codes on packages.
• Swipes the credit card through the
device, which reads the magnetic
numbers in the magnetic strip on the
card.
Input: Data Automation
Data Automation is made possible because of
OCR software.
• Optical Character Recognition: This software
takes a scanned image and converts the
characters in the image into computer
characters. Now, documents can be edited.
What is Processing?
• is the thinking that the computer does the calculations,, and decisions.
Processing: Digital Data
• Modern computers are, that is, all info is stored
as a string of 0s or 1s – (off or on).
• Numbers written with just 0 and 1, are called
numbers. It takes 8 numbers to make one
character.
• Every command and every input is converted
into digital data, a string of 0's and 1's.
Off
On
1
0
0
1
1
1 0
Processing: CPU
The, or Central
Processing Unit, is the
part of the computer
on the inside where
work gets done. In
most computers,
there is one.
Processing: Machine Cycle
The computer can only do one thing at a
time. Each action must be broken down
into the most basic steps.
One round of steps from getting an
instruction back to getting the next
instruction is called the.
Processing: Machine Cycle
• The Machine Cycle
– - get an instruction
from Main Memory
– - translate it into
computer commands
– - actually process the
command
– - write the result to
Main Memory
Decode
Execute
Fetch
Store
Processing: Memory Addresses
• A memory address holds 1 byte of data
where
– 1 =0 or 1, on or off
– 1 = 8 bits
– 1 (K or KB) =1000 bytes
– 1 (MB) = 1,000,000 bytes
– 1 (GB) = 1,000,000,000 bytes
— one billion bytes
— one trillion bytes
— one quadrillion bytes
— one quintillion bytes
— one sextillion bytes
— one septillion bytes
http://www.jimloy.com/math/billion.htm
Processing: Physical Components
• There are several physical components of a
computer that are directly involved in
processing. The itself, the devices, and the
are the main ones.
Microprocessor
• The microprocessor is the “” of the computer
because it contains the Central Processing
Unit.
• The Central Processing Unit (CPU), contains
the
– (fetch and decodes information )
– Arithmetic/Logic Unit (math calculations).
Processing: Motherboard
• The is like the blood vessels in
the human body which connect
to all the vital organs. Instead of
blood vessels, the motherboard
uses tiny to connect each
component of the computer.
• A lot of the other components
are connected to the
motherboard.