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 A purely digital device
 Definition: Digital is a type of electronic signal that is processed, sent and stored in bits—binary digits
 Computers use binary coding—a coding system that uses two numbers--1 & 0
 In computer terms, the bit is the smallest unit of measurement a computer can understand
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 8 bits equal 1 byte
 A byte is a single character of data, such as a letter, number, etc.
Term Abbreviation Approximate Size
Kilobyte KB or K =1000 bytes (actual size is 1024 bytes)
Megabyte MB
Gigabyte GB
Terabyte TB
=1 million bytes
=1 billion bytes
=1 trillion bytes
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 Uses stored instructions (programs)
 Accepts data that user supplies (input)
 Manipulates data according to a program
(processing)
 Stores data (storage)
 Produces results (output)
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 Text data – letters, numbers, and special characters
 Graphic data – photographs, charts, and drawings
 Audio data – voice and music
 Video data – moving pictures and images
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 The physical components of a computer system are called hardware.
 Hardware typically includes:
 System unit, monitor, keyboard, mouse
 Peripheral devices (extra) such as a printer or scanner
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 Computer system—the system unit along with input and output devices
 System unit—the part of a computer system that processes data and stores information
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 Embedded
 Smartphone
 Handheld
 Tablet
 Netbook
 Laptop
 Desktop
 All-in-One
 Server
 Mainframe
 Super
 Wearable

Handheld
Smartphone
Netbook
Tablet
All-in-one
Supercomputer
Server
Laptop
Mainframe
Wearable
Embedded
Vehicle

 The main circuit board of a computer is the motherboard.
 The central processing unit is located on the motherboard. The CPU is the circuitry that processes information—the “brain” of the computer.
 The speed of the processor is controlled by the
system clock.
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 Controls the timing of ALL computer operations; measured in hertz—one cycle per second. Speed is measured in gigahertz
(GHz)—a billion cycles per second.
 It takes about one-tenth of a second to blink your eye; a computer can perform some operations 10 million times in the time it takes you to blink you eye.
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 Main memory is located on the motherboard. It is also known as primary
memory:
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Temporary memory available to the user; typically measured in gigabytes
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Permanent memory that handles basic startup functions, known as BIOS—basic input/output systems
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 Any hardware component that allows a user to enter information into a computer
 Keyboard
 Pointing Devices
 Scanners
 Multimedia
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Child’s Toddler
LED-Color
Changing
Wireless
Virtual
Virtual
Gaming Ergonomic-Split Blue-Tooth / iPad
Flexible
Solar Ergonomic-Split

 Mouse
 Trackball
 Touch pad
—typically found on laptops
 Pen input
—pen-like device touches surface of screen to digitally input data
 Touch screen
—touching the screen with your finger digitally inputs data
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 Bar code reader—reads universal product codes (UPC)
 Optical mark reader (OMR)—reads
“bubble” sheets marked with pencil
 Optical character reader (OCR)-reads handwritten or typed text
 Page scanner—digitally captures an image or text
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 Microphone
 Electronic music keyboard
 Video camera
 Digital camera
 Virtual reality devices
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 Any hardware component that can convey information to the user
 Display devices (soft copy: data projected on a screen)
 Printers (hard copy: data printed on paper)
 Speakers
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360 °
Projector
Flat-Screen Monitor
Interactive
Whiteboard
Document
Projector
Pico Projector
HDTV

 The two most common types of printers are ink-jet and laser
 The speed of a printer is measured by the number of pages per minute (PPM) that can be printed
 The quality of a printer is measured by the number of dots per inch (dpi) that can be printed
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 The media on which data and information are kept
 Three classifications:
 Magnetic—hard disk
 Optical—CD, DVD, Blu-ray
 Information is burned on the disk by laser
 Flash—memory cards, flash drive
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 Devices that make it possible for a user to communicate with another computer
 Most popular: modem
 Phone, cable, DSL
 Computers on a network use network interface cards (NIC)
 Wired or wireless
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The instructions that allow the user to communicate with the computer; also called programs
 Three categories:
 System software
 Application software
 Communications software
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 Software responsible for the general operation of a computer system, including the operation of hardware, running application software, and file management
 Operating system (OS)--system software that acts as a "go-between", allowing computer hardware and other software to communicate with each other
 Microsoft Windows
 Mac OS
 Linux
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 Utility—runs system checks and makes sure everything is working properly;
 One type of utility software is anti-virus software, which checks for viruses (programs designed to disrupt or destroy the normal operation of a computer
 McAfee, Norton, Avast, AVG
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Programs that allow the user to perform specific tasks:
 Word Processing
 Spreadsheet
 Presentation
 Database
 Painting/Drawing
 Accounting
 Digital Imaging
 Desktop Publishing
 Web Design
 Gaming
 Video/Audio Production
 Podcasting

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 Programs that make it possible for a computer to transmit and receive information to and from other computers.
 Web Browsers
 Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome
 Email
 Web-based (Yahoo, gmail, Live, etc.)
 Email clients (Outlook, Pegasus, Groupwise, etc.)
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