Mental Health
Self- Esteem
 Also
known as self- worth,
self-image, self-respect, selfconfidence
 Definition- Self esteem is the
way you feel about yourself
and the opinion that you have
of yourself
Self- Worth Checkup
 Complete
worksheet
Self Esteem

A person’s self esteem is directly related
to their level of well being
 Healthy self esteem can help you:
○ Withstand peer pressure
○ Try new things and get to know new people
○ Deal with disappointment, mistakes, and failure
○ Feel loved and wanted
○ Feel more in control of your life
○ Find friends who appreciate you for who you are
○ Maintain healthy relationships
Self Esteem
 Poor self esteem may lead you to:
○ Cave in to peer pressure
○ Avoid trying new things
○ Fall apart during tough times
○ Feel unloved and unwanted
○ Remain in abusive or unhealthy relationships
○ Be at a higher risk for depression and anxiety
 In-class Activity
Self Esteem
 How
is self esteem formed?
 Self esteem is primarily formed
by the feedback provided to us
by others and ourselves
○ The way others see and treat
us and how we see ourselves
ever since birth
Feedback
 Feedback can be verbal:
○ Positive examples: “Great job”, “You are a
good friend”, “You are very thoughtful”
○ Negative examples: “You are not worth
anything”, “ You stink”, You are a loser”
 Feedback can be nonverbal:
○ Positive examples- Smiles, hugs, positive
looks
○ Negative examples- Dirty looks, mean
gestures
Feedback
 Feedback we provide ourselves:
○ Positive examples of thoughts/feelings- “I can
do it”, “I deserve good things”, “ I am going to
do well”
○ Negative examples of thoughts/feelings- “I am
going to fail”, “I am fat”, “I am not good
enough”

Little boys story
Feedback
 It
is important to remember
that we (as friends, teachers,
siblings, etc) have a lot of
control over the feedback we
provide to others!
Negative Feedback
•Bullying -To use superior strength or influence to
intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do
what one wants.
Bully Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIHtuKc3
Gjg
Bullying
 Warning signs that someone could be
being bullied:
○ Unexplainable injuries
○ Difficulty sleeping or frequent nightmares
○ Feelings of helplessness or decreased self
esteem
○ Avoidance of social situations
○ Self destructive behaviors
○ Lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics,
or jewelry
Bullying
 Signs that someone could be bullying
others:
○ Frequent problems at school
○ Blame others for their problems
○ Don’t accept responsibility for their actions
○ Have unexplained extra money or new
belongings
○ Are increasingly aggressive
○ Increasingly concerned about popularity
Bullying
•If you know someone is in distress or
danger, don’t ignore the problem. It is
important to get help right away:
Seek out help from adults (teachers,
counselors, parents)
Call 911 in a physical emergency
Personality
Personality
 Definition-
A set of
characteristics that makes you
unique and sets you apart
from everyone else.
Personality
 Personality Assessment
Activity
Personality
 Where
does personality come
from?
 Heredity – biological passing
on of traits noticed as early
as infancy.
Personality
Environment – activities and experiences
learned through your surroundings; can
have a positive and/or negative affect.
1. Modeling: copying others
2. Conditioning: being rewarded/punished for
pleasant/unpleasant behaviors
3. Socialization: learning values, interests,
etc. through people who are close to you
(bullying vs. positive feedback and selfesteem)


Class Activity
Personality

Behavior – learning from your
actions/decisions; somewhat determined
by brain’s anatomical development
Brain



The most complex part of the human body
Weighs about 3 pounds
Controls senses, behavior, and movement
Amygdala
- emotions center of the brain
- can over-rule logical part of brain
when upset
- Teens rely on this for gut reactions
whereas adults rely more heavily on
the prefrontal cortex.
Prefrontal Cortex
- front part of brain responsible for
reasoning and planning
- Develops up to age 25
VIDEOS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9Ya
0mHsIgM
Personality
 Type A vs.
Type B
 Type A and Type B are two broad
personality types. Neither type A or B are
better than the other. Being aware of your
personality can help eliminate some
stress in your life!
○ Type A- More competitive, rushed, time
oriented, more “perfectionist” mentality
○ Type B- More flexible, less rushed, low stress

Complete Assessment Worksheet
Personality
 Extrovert
vs. Introvert
 Extrovert- Expressive, outgoing,
energized by being around other people
 Introvert- Energized by being alone,
sometimes avoid social situations, tends
to be quieter
Personality
Does the fulfillment of needs have an
impact on personality?
 Yes. Abraham Maslow suggests that
our personalities are formed largely on
the following hierarchy of needs and
how well each level is fulfilled.

Personality
Number 1-7
 Answer “A” or “B” for each question
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFh
myPENaCk

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
Self-Fulfillment
Aesthetic Needs
Emotional Needs
Physical Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
1st – Physical Needs (food, water, sleep,
shelter, etc.)
 2nd – Emotional Needs (to belong, to be
loved, to feel needed, to feel safe)
 3rd – Aesthetic Needs (to know, to
explore a talent/skill)
 4th – Self-actualization (to be the best
that one can be)

Personality
How do our personalities affect our lives?
Groups of friends we associate with
 College and career choices
 Relationships
 Social situations we choose to be a
part of

Pop Quiz

Number your paper from 1 to 5

DO NOT look off the person sitting next
to you.

NO TALKING
Answer the following Questions…
Tell me ONE way self esteem is
formed?
2. T/F: The front of the brain is called
“Amigula”
3. T/F: Type B people are competitive
4. T/F: Self esteem is related to ones well
being
5. T/F: Emotional needs are not on
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
1.
Stress
Stress
 Stress-
what you feel when
you have to handle more than
you are used too
Group Activity
Stress
 Types
of Stress
 Distress-negative
stress; produces
a negative outcome
-ex. a death in the family, constantly changing jobs,
divorce of parents, being bullied or put down
constantly
 Eustress-positive
stress; produces
a positive outcome
-ex. Graduating high school, buying a house, getting a job
Stress

Types of Stress – (continued)

Acute (short-term)- the body's instant response
to any situation that seems demanding or
dangerous; body recovers quickly but problems
can occur if it happens too often or if your body
doesn’t have a chance to recover.

Chronic (long-term) stress stressful situations
or events that last over a long period of time.
(Ex.difficulty with your job or dealing w/ a chronic
disease).
Activity One

Breathing Exercise
Stress
 Stressor-
any stimulus that
produces a stress response
(can be biological,
environmental, cognitive,
personal behavior, life
situation)
Stress
Acute Stress Symptoms
 Increased heart rate
 Stiff neck/tight shoulders (Progressive relaxation)
 Back pain
 Fast breathing
 Sweating/Sweaty Palms
 Upset stomach, nausea, or diarrhea
 Headaches
Stress
Chronic Stress Symptoms
 Immune system-more susceptible to frequent
colds
 Heart-high blood pressure, abnormal
heartbeat, blood clots, hardening of the
arteries; linked to coronary artery disease,
heart attack, and , heart failure.
 Muscles- constant tension creates muscle
aches and pains and may make rheumatoid
arthritis worse
 Stomach-intensifies already existing problems
such as reflux, ulcers, or irritable bowel
syndrome.
Stress
Chronic Stress Symptoms – (continued)
 Body Composition-obesity
 Reproductive organs- low fertility, erection
problems, problems during pregnancy, and
painful menstrual periods.
 Lungs-intensifies asthma
 Skin-acne, psoriasis
 Mind-cranky, unable to deal with even small
problems, frustrated, short temper,
jumpy/tired, difficulty focusing on small tasks,
excessive worry about small things,
imagining that bad things are happening or
about to happen, depression, anxiety
Activity Two
Drawing/Art Theory
Anxiety

Anxiety- an emotion that is
characterized by a feeling of
apprehension, nervousness, or fear
Anxiety
Causes:
 Mental conditions such as panic disorder, generalized
anxiety disorder, phobic disorders, or stress disorders
 Effects of drug use
 Physical Conditions
 Chronic stress (stress hormones cortisol and corticotropinreleasing hormone help us respond to immediate threats.,
but if stress stays high instead of easing up, those hormones
could boost anxiety and lead to mood disorders)
 Common External Factors related to anxiety
○ Stress at work
○ Stress at school
○ Stress in a personal relationship
○ Stress with finances
○ Stress from emotional trauma such as a death
○ Stress from a medical illness
Anxiety
 Panic
attacks- intense
periods of fear or feelings of
doom developing over a very
short time frame -- up to 10
minutes -- and associated
with at least four of the
following:
Panic Attacks
Sudden overwhelming fear
Palpitations
Sweating
 Trembling
 Shortness of breath
 Sense of choking
 Chest pain
 Nausea
 Dizziness
 A feeling of being detached from the world (derealization)
 Fear of dying
 Numbness or tingling in the limbs or entire body
 Chills or hot flushes



Activity Three
Seated Exercising
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAe
ZZbpi8Ow

Stress Management
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Ways to Avoid Stress
We are exposed to stressors all throughout
our lives. We can’t avoid them, but we can
try to make some changes in our lives that
can help prevent stress. Here are some
examples:
Stay healthy (physical, mental, emotional,
etc.
Find a balance.
Have a sense of purpose.
Stress Management – ways to
avoid continued

Get enough sleep.
 8.5 to 9 hrs.a day.
 Get what you need.
 Go to bed early. Get up early.(Every hour of sleep before
midnight is worth 2 after)
 Be somewhat consistent
 Relax before bed
Eat a healthy diet http://www.webmd.com/diet/ss/slideshowdiet-for-stress-management
 oranges, spinach, fatty fish, pistachios, avocados,
almonds, raw veggies, milk



Don’t drink/use drugs
Exercise
Manage your time/ Set priorities
Stress Management – ways to
avoid continued
Have a support system
 Assertive Communication-Its okay to say no.
 Focus on the Present (“One day at a time.”)
 Positive Thinking

Stress Management
Some stress is inevitable. We all find ways of
coping with stress. How do you cope?
Negative coping responses

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Criticizing yourself (negative self-talk)
Chewing your fingernails
Eating too much or too little
Abusing substances
Yelling at your spouse, children, or friends
Avoiding social contact
Stress Management
Positive coping responses
 Listening to music
 Playing with a pet
 Laughing or crying
 Going out with a friend (shopping, movie, dining)
 Taking a bath or shower
 Writing, painting, or other creative activity
 Praying or going to church
 Exercising or getting outdoors to enjoy nature
 Discussing situations with a spouse or close friend
 Gardening or making home repairs
 Stress-relieving techniques created specifically for relaxing
the body/mind





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Breathing exercises (deep breathing)
Progressive muscle relaxation
Yoga
Meditation
Creative Visualization
Guided Imagery
Activity Four

Guided Imagery
Teen Suicide (Guidelines)
Be respect to classmates
 Be mindful that some of your classmates
may have experienced suicide in their
families and friendships
 Avoid using names if you have a
question or story
 If needed, you may leave the class at
any time to go to the bathroom during
my discussion without asking.

Suicide
The tragedy of a young person dying
because of overwhelming hopelessness
or frustration is devastating to family,
friends, and community.
 Learning more about factors that might
lead an adolescent to suicide may help
prevent further tragedies. Even though
it's not always preventable, it's always a
good idea to be informed and take
action to help a troubled teenager.

Which Teens Are at Risk?
Young people with mental health
problems —such as anxiety, depression,
bipolar disorder, or insomnia — are at
higher risk for suicidal thoughts.
 Teens going through major life changes
(parents' divorce, moving, a parent
leaving home due to military service or
parental separation, financial changes)
 those who are victims of bullying are at
greater risk of suicidal thoughts.

Factors that increase the risk of
suicide among teenagers include…
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a psychological disorder, especially
depression, bipolar disorder, (in fact,
approximately 95% of people who die by
suicide have a psychological disorder at the
time of death)
alcohol and drug use
feelings of distress, irritability, or agitation
feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness
that often accompany depression
a previous suicide attempt
a family history of depression or suicide
**loss of a loved one (death,divorce,break-up)
Factors (continued)
emotional, physical, or sexual abuse
 lack of a support network, poor
relationships with parents or peers, and
feelings of social isolation
 dealing with bisexuality or
homosexuality in an unsupportive family
or community or hostile school
environment

Warning Signs of Suicide
 talk
about suicide or death in general
 give hints that they might not be
around anymore
 talk about feeling hopeless or feeling
guilty
 pull away from friends or family
 write songs, poems, or letters about
death, separation, and loss
 start giving away treasured
possessions to siblings or friends
Warning Signs – (continued)
 lose
the desire to take part in favorite
things or activities
 have trouble concentrating or thinking
clearly
 experience changes in eating or
sleeping habits
 engage in risk-taking behaviors
 lose interest in school or sports
What should I do…..
Listen and show empathy
 Take the person seriously
 Talk openly and freely
 Advise professional help
 Tell them that suicide is not the answer
 Make sure no weapons/drugs are
available
 Do not leave the person alone

What should I do….. (continued)
Do not make the promise, “I’ll keep it a secret.”
Do not take the burden entirely upon your shoulders
alone. Find someone to help you, help them.
 Call a hotline:
 (800) SUICIDE
 Mental Health Crisis Line
○ 1-800-237-4447
 PA Chapter of the National Committee on Youth
Suicide Prevention
○ 215-536-2366
 SOS Bereavement After Suicide, Family Support
Group
○ 215-536-5143 or 215-536-9070
 Survivors of Suicide, Inc.
○ 215-945-0661


TEEN SUICIDE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdgCajndgNw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucA63CEuXpo
“A Permanent Solution to a
Temporary Problem”
Professional Help for Mental
Health Problems

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
Psychologist – diagnoses and treats mental
disorders through various types of therapy
Psychiatrist – medical doctor who diagnoses and
treats mental disorders and can prescribe medicine
Neurologist – Physician who is trained to
investigate, diagnose and treat neurological
disorders; performs surgery
Counselor – Professionals who have a degree in
working with young people and helping them in
personal or educational matters
Social Worker – One who concentrates on
psychiatric casework and provides a link between
the medical service center and the client and his/her
family
Cutting
Coping mechanism for dealing with
strong emotion
 Cutting is the act of intentionally inflicting
harm on oneself.
 Cutting isn’t a suicide attempt.
 It is most common on the hands, wrists,
stomach, and thighs.

5 Stages of Grief
1. Denial –Denial is usually only a
temporary defense for the individual.
 2. Anger –Once in the second stage,
the individual recognizes that denial
cannot continue.
 3. Bargaining –The third stage involves
the hope that the individual can
somehow postpone or delay death.

5 Stages of Grief - continued
4. Depression –It is an important time
for grieving that must be processed.
 5. Acceptance –In this last stage, the
individual begins to come to terms with
their mortality or that of their loved one.
