Human
Anatomy & Physiology I
Chapter 1
Instructor: Quinn V. Bui, DC, MPH, MS
Semester: Fall, 2005
Credit: 4
Introduction to Human Anatomy
and Physiology
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Human Anatomy
and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy – ____________________
Physiology – __________________
Structure is always related to function
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Levels of Organization
Atom – ________ atom, lithium atom
Molecule – water molecule, ______ molecule
Macromolecule – protein molecule, _____ molecule
Organelle – _____________, Golgi apparatus
Cell – muscle cell, nerve cell
Tissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue
Organ – ______, femur
Organ System – skeletal system, digestive system
Organism - _________
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Levels of Organization
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Characteristics of Life
Movement – _______________; motion
Responsiveness – _____________ a change
Growth – increase in size
Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells
Respiration – obtaining __________;
removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy
from foods
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Characteristics of Life
Digestion – breakdown of food substances
Absorption – passage of ____________ through
membranes and into body fluids
Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids
Assimilation – changing of _________________ into
different substances
Excretion – removal of wastes
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Requirements of Organisms
Water
- ______________ substance in body
- required for _______________ processes
- required for transport
- regulates ___________________
Food
- supply energy
- supply raw materials
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Requirements of Organisms
Oxygen
- ___________________
- used to release energy from nutrients
Heat
- _________________
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
Pressure
- ___________________ – important for breathing
- hydrostatic pressure – keeps ___________flowing
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Homeostasis
Body’s maintenance of a stable ____________________
Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the
internal environment and corrects any changes
•Receptors - ____________________
•Control center - tells what a particular value should be
•Effectors - ________________________ change internal
environment
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Homeostatic Mechanisms
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Body Cavities
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Serous Membranes
Visceral layer – ____________________
Parietal layer – __________________________
Thoracic Membranes
•_________ pleura
•_________ pleura
•________pericardium
•Parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Membranes
•Visceral peritoneum
•_____________________
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Serous Membranes
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Organ Systems
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Organ Systems
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Organ Systems
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Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Position – body ______________, facing
_________, upper limbs at the sides, __________ forward
Terms of Relative Position
•________________________
•Anterior versus Posterior
•___________________
•Ipsilateral versus Contralateral
•Proximal versus Distal
•Superficial versus Deep
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Body Sections
•Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median
•Transverse / Cross
•Coronal or Frontal
•Oblique
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Abdominal Subdivisions
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Body Regions
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Clinical Application
Medical Imaging
•Noninvasive procedures
•Provide images of ____________________
structures
________________
•Use of highfrequency sound
waves
•Relatively _____
and inexpensive
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
•Requires ______________
•Produces computerized
____________, _________,
and __________ sections of
area being studied
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