Vocab
Judicial Review: enables courts to decide whether laws are constitutional
Elastic Clause: grants Congress power to pass all laws "necessary and proper" for
carrying out listed powers
Supremacy Clause: Federal decisions are supreme over state decisions
"This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in
pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority
of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every
state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the
contrary notwithstanding.”
10th Amendment: All powers not mentioned in the Constitution are reserved for the
states and the people
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it
to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
After Monroe... There was Adams
Election of 1824
Why was this election a big deal?
• more VOTERS with MORE ACCESS TO POLLS
•
How?
• removing property qualifications
• most electoral college now almost universally elected by people
(rather than state legislatures)
Era of Good Feelings Ends
Election of 1828
•
•
•
Adams = unsuccessful Presidency
What did he believe?
• pushed for freedom of speech, universal
education, end to slavery, fair treatment
towards native americans!
• criticized for federal support for Erie Canal &
Baltimore-Ohio Railroad (exceeded federal
authority)
Andrew Jackson = the "Superstar of his era"
• leader of the "common man"
• 3x as many voters show up!
• party = Jacksonian democrats (democratic
republicans)
WARNING!
Disappointing
THEME:
we fail to recognize
the good ones
when we have
them, but celebrate
the jerks!
Andrew Jackson
"Old Hickory"
Ushers in the age of the "Common Man"
First westerner to white house
•
"tough, capable general" OR "Ill tempered, stubborn, murderer, slave-trader,
bigamist"
"It is to be regretted that the
originally wanted:
rich and powerful too often
bend the acts of government
• limited government
to their selfish purposes."
• state power
- AJ, July 10, 1832
• anti-National bank and tariffs
• pro-slavery
Jacksonian Democracy
What was he like as President?
Patronage: when a
politician appoints friends
and supporters to
government jobs
Spoils: loot taken
from conquered
enemy
•
Spoils System:
• believed untrained, common folk, could do job too
• replaced many with Jacksonian Democrats
•
Used VETO more than any other President
• Earned him the nickname "King Andrew I"
Tariff crisis:
• 1828 and 1832
• South Carolina declared it could nullify this laws
• Based on STRICT INTERPRETATION OF STATES RIGHTS (all
powers that the constitution neither gives to the Federal
government nor denies to the States)
• suggested could even SECEDE if wanted to!
• Jackson threatened to send 50,000 troops to enforce!
•
Remember most for...
TRAIL OF TEARS
Indian Removal
•
•
•
•
•
Seen as barrier to economic
advancement
Cherokee took issue to court
Supreme Court ruled cannot
move tribes
Jackson ignores, supports forced
removal
Leads to Trail of Tears
How did he limit democracy?
•
•
•
Slave owner
Didn't support equality for
women
Indian Removal Act
REVIEW
POLITICAL
STUFF
So what should we know about
Jackson?
•
Spoils System: President can hire new people, high turnover rate, don’t have to
have special qualifications
•
Against the National Bank, but supported Tariffs
•
State’s Rights proponent but was a Unionist – threatened to use force against
Nullification
•
Vetoes more acts of congress than all six previous Presidents combined
•
Jacksonian Democracy:
•
Higher voter participation, spoils system, ideas about limited government and local
control
Review:
Whigs vs.
Democrats
Whigs saw themselves as defenders
of liberty against a powerful executive.
Trail of Tears Reading
Please read the excerpt on the Indian Removal Act. Read all of the
sources.
When you are done reading all of the sources, write a reaction to the three
that you found to be the most surprising or the most informative. Be ready
to share your responses.
Jackson's WAR ON THE BANK
THE STORY:
Second National Bank almost up
West see's as monster of rich financiers and speculators from NY and New England
some see as providing stability
Jackson vetoes its continuance
starts taking federal funds out & moving to state banks!
these banks printed bank notes & lent recklessly
result = fed govt couldn't accept bank notes
(don't know how much they are worth!)
Next... Panic of 1837! and depression into 1840s
ruins (democrat) Martin Van Buren's Presidency
Leads to election of William Henry Harrison (whig) and VP John Tyler
Tyler (Southern Democrat) as president battles with WHIGS...
ROUGH SECTIONAL ROAD AHEAD!
Despite Nationalism... Many Sectional Issues
The Bank...
Tariffs
purpose: Gen $ for government and drive up prices on foreign goods (encourage
purchase of US made products)
North likes, South & West Hate (little manufacturing to protect, and tariffs drove
up prices)
Land
Cheap and Plentiful
but even when cheap, sometimes too much (people often couldn't pay)
banks over-lent, and often failed
Congress lowers price of land... West likes, but North and East unhappy
Federal funding of industries:
Erie Canal and Road system
North and West Happy, South Left Out
Oh and let's not forget SLAVERY