States of Matter
Chapter 3
States of Matter
Solid Has a definite
shape and a definite
volume
Examples
 Ice
 Rocks
 Your pencil
 A baseball

States of matter

A fixed closely packed
arrangement of
particles

There are 2 types of
solids
States of Matter
Amorphous solid
The particles are not
arranges in a regular
pattern
Examples
 Plastic
 Rubber
 Glass

States of Matter
Crystalline Solid
Solids that are made up
of crystal It will melt
at a specific
temperature
Examples
 Salt
 Sugar
 Ice

States of Matter


Liquid Has a definite
shape and volume but
does not have a shape
of its own
Has a constant volume
no matter what its
shape
States of matter

Liquids are also called
Fluids a substance that
flows
Examples
 Water
 milk
 oil
States of Matter
Properties of Liquids
Surface tension An
inward pull that brings
the liquid molecules
closer together
States of Matter

Viscosity resistance to
flow. It depends on
the size and shape of
the fluids molecules
and attraction between
particles
States of Matter

Gas Does not have a
definite shape or a
definite volume. It will
fill the space available
to it
Changes between a solid and a
liquid

Melting Change from
a state of a solid to a
liquid

Melting Point The
specific temperature at
which melting occurs
Changes between a solid and a
liquid

At its melting point
the particles of a solid
substance are vibrating
so fast that they break
free from their fixed
positions

Water is 0º C
Changes between a solid and a
liquid
Freezing The change
in state from a liquid
to a solid
At its freezing
temperature the
particles of a liquid are
moving so slowly that
they begin to form
regular patterns
(crystallize)

Changes Between Liquids and a
Gas

Vaporization Change
from a liquid to a gas

Vaporization occurs
when the particles of a
liquid gain enough
energy to form a gas
Changes Between Liquids and a
Gas

Evaporation
Vaporization that
takes place at the
surface of a liquid
The liquid may gain
energy from the
ground, air or the sun
Changes Between Liquids and a
Gas


Boiling Occurs when
a liquid changes into a
gas below the surface
as well as at the
surface of a liquid.
Boiling point The
temperature at which
liquid boils
Changes Between Liquids and a
Gas

Condensation The
opposite of
vaporization when a
gas becomes a liquid.
Loss of thermal energy
Changes Between Solid and a
Gas

Sublimation when the
surface particles gain
enough energy that
they skip the liquid
phase and become a
gas
