7th Progress Report: The regional and urban dimension of Europe 2020 Lewis Dijkstra Deputy Head of the Analysis Unit DG for Regional Policy European Commission 1 Main points Smart Growth 1. 2. 3. 4. Education Innovation Digital Society Smart cities Sustainable Growth 1. Resource efficient regions 2. Sustainable cities Inclusive growth 1. Employment 2. Poverty and exclusion 3. Inclusive cities 10 Factsheets 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Tertiary education Early-school leavers R&D as % of GDP Patent inventors per inhabitants Change in GHG emissions outside the Emissions Trading Scheme 6. Consumption of renewable energy 7. Employment rate 8. Unemployment rate 9. At-risk-of-poverty or exclusion 10. GDP per head 2 Smart Growth In regions and cities 3 Source: EUROSTAT 35 United Kingdom Ireland France Belgium Cyprus Poland Spain Sweden ----- Netherlands 2020 Target Finland 65 Germany Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Tertiary educational attainment 2010 Luxembourg Lithuania Estonia Denmark Austria Bulgaria Latvia Malta Greece Czech Republic Hungary Romania Italy EU-27 share of the population aged 30-34 years National rates and 2020 targets Tertiary educational attainment age group 30-34 in 2010 and Europe 2020 targets 70 Distance to target 60 55 50 45 40 No national target 30 25 20 15 10 4 Tertiary education 5 Source: EUROSTAT 20 United Kingdom Malta Italy Spain Latvia Romania Bulgaria Sweden Portugal Hungary ----- Luxembourg Cyprus 2020 Target Germany Denmark Greece Austria Early school leavers 2010 France Estonia Belgium Lithuania Finland Netherlands Ireland Slovakia Czech Republic Slovenia Poland EU-27 Percentage of the population aged 18-24 National rates and 2020 targets Early leavers from education and training in 2010 and Europe 2020 targets 40 Distance to target 35 30 25 No national target 15 10 5 0 6 Early school leavers 7 National rates and targets 2020 Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) in 2010 and Europe 2020 targets 5 Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) 2020 Target ----- Distance to target 4 % of GDP 3 No national target 2 1 Source: EUROSTAT United Kingdom Czech Republic Sweden Finland Austria Slovenia Portugal France Spain Estonia Germany Denmark Belgium EU-27 Netherlands Luxembourg Romania Ireland Lithuania Hungary Poland Italy Latvia Bulgaria Slovakia Malta Cyprus 0 8 R&D 9 Digital society • • • • Use of public e-Services by residents and firms People ordering products and services online High growth of online turnover High speed internet access: Available everywhere? • Next Generation Access likely to start in cities 10 Patents Patent applications to the EPO, average 2006-2007 100,000 Capital metro region Second tier metro region Patent applications per ten million inhabitants, logarithmic scale Smaller metro region Non-metro regions combined FI National 10,000 DK AT BE SI 1,000 HU CZ EE PT MT GR SK 100 BG RO IE IT UK SE NL DE FR ES LV LT PL 10 1 11 Urban productivity Labour productivity in Metro regions and their MS, 2008 221 209 160 Capital metro region IE BE Second tier metro region Smaller metro region 140 SE Non-metro regions combined Labour productiviti in PPS 2008, EU-27 index=100 national NL EL 120 SK RO HU 100 AT FI DK ES DE UK FR IT SI CZPT LT EE 80 BG LV PL 60 40 20 0 12 Big gaps in the east Labour productivity in PPS in metro regions compared to the rest of their country, 2008 280 Capital metro region RO Labour productivity in PPS, non-metro regions combined =100 Second tier metro region Smaller metro region Non-metro regions combined 240 200 BG LV EE LT CZ HU 160 SK PL 120 SI SEAT EL DK IE BE FI ES DE NL UK FR IT 80 40 0 13 Cities and tertiary educated High education attainment rate 25-64 by type of area, 2009 Share of high education attainment of people aged 25-64 in % 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Urban areas 5 Towns, suburbs and rural areas 0 EU FI SE DK EE LT IE LU CY NL ES FR BE SI BG LV UK HU PL EL DE SK AT RO CZ PT IT MT 14 Sustainable Growth In regions and cities 15 Effort sharing decision Change in greenhouse gas emissions outside the Emmissions Trading Scheme, 2005-2009 and Europe 2020 targets 30 % change 2005-2009 ----- 2020 Target Distance to target 25 Target already reached 20 Changes with respect to 2005 levels, % 20 19 Reduced the distance but not yet reached their target 17 15 Target not reached 15 13 14 11 10 10 9 5 5 1 4 0 -5 -5 -4 -10 -10 -10 -15 -17 -20 -20 -20 -16 -16 -16 -16 -15 -14 -14 -13 -20 Target = Reduction in emissions Target = Limit increase in emissions BG RO LV LT PL SK EE HU CZ MT SI PT EL CY ES IT FR DE BE EU-27 Source: EEA, provisional calculation method UK NL FI AT SE LU IE DK -25 16 Renewable Energy Share of renewable energy relative to total energy consumption in % Renewable energy consumption, 2006, 2008 and the 2020 targets 50 2006 45 2008 40 2020 Target 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 SE LV FI AT PT DK EE SI RO FR LT ES DE EL IT BG IE PL UK NL SK BE CY CZ HU LU MT EU27 17 Urban eco-efficiency People who do not have a car, 2010 % population without a car for financial and other reasons % 60 Large urban areas 50 Rural areas, towns and suburbs 40 30 20 10 0 EU27 CY MT LU SI IT NL FR ES UK BE IE EL PT DE LT AT FI SE CZ BG SK DK PL EE HU LV RO Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by share in large urban areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation 18 Urban eco-efficiency • In cities residents and workers tend to – – – – travel shorter distances use the car less live in houses/flats which are smaller Work in buildings that share walls with other buildings • District heating is more efficient • However policies to make cities even more efficient should not push jobs and residents to the outskirts of a city 19 Inclusive growth In regions and cities 20 Source: EUROSTAT United Kingdom 70 Sweden Netherlands Denmark Finland Austria Germany Cyprus Estonia Bulgaria Slovenia ----- Portugal 2020 Target Hungary France Czech Republic Spain Belgium Employment rate 2010 Luxembourg Latvia Lithuania Slovakia Poland Romania Greece Ireland Italy Malta EU-27 % of total population - age group 20-64 National rates and 2020 targets Employment rate in 2010 and Europe 2020 targets 85 Distance to target 80 75 No national target 65 60 55 21 Employment: Northwest vs. the rest 22 Source: EUROSTAT Ireland Cyprus United Kingdom Luxembourg Sweden Romania Bulgaria Latvia Lithuania Hungary 2020 Target Poland Greece Portugal Spain People at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion 2010 Italy EU27 Malta Germany Denmark Slovakia Belgium Estonia France Slovenia Netherlands Czech Republic Finland Austria share of the population at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion National targets and 2020 rates People at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion in 2010 and Europe 2020 targets 50 45 ----- Distance to target 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 No national target 0 23 At risk of poverty and exclusion: South and East 24 Unemployment: impact of the crisis 25 East West Divide on low work People living in a household with low work intensity, 2009 20% Large urban areas Rural areas, towns and suburbs Share of population with a low work intensity, % 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% Urban disadvantage Urban advantage 0% EU BE UK DK AT MT NL DE FR SI LU EL IT SE PT CZ FI ES CY PL LV EE RO SK BG IE Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation LT HU 26 East West divide on urban poverty People at risk of poverty, 2009 35 Large urban areas Rural areas, towns and suburbs Share of population at risk of poverty in % 30 Urban disadvantage Urban advantage 25 20 15 10 5 0 EU LU MT UK AT BE DE DK EL SE NL CZ SI FR CY IT ES EE SK IE HU FI Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation PT LV PL LT BG RO 27 Deprivation in the East Severe material deprivation, 2009 50 Share of population with severe material deprivation in % 45 Large urban areas Rural areas, towns and suburbs 40 35 30 Urban disadvantage Urban advantage 25 20 15 10 5 0 EU BE AT IE PT FR UK MT DE SE NL EL IT LU DK ES FI CY CZ SI LV EE PL LT SK HU RO BG Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation 28 Overall: mixed picture People at risk of poverty or exclusion, 2009 Share of population at risk of poverty or exclusion in % 60 Large urban areas Rural areas, towns and suburbs 50 40 30 20 10 Urban disadvantage Urban advantage 0 EU LU MT AT UK BE DE DK FR NL SE CZ CY SI IT FI EL IE EE LV SK PT ES HU PL LT BG RO Source: Eurostat SILC, MS ranked by difference between large urban areas and other areas. Areas are defined by degree of urbanisation 29 GDP per head growth 30 Conclusion • Europe 2020 is an ambitious strategy • Requires a different policy mix in countries (National Reform Programmes) • Requires a different policy mix in regions (Cohesion Policy Programmes) • Urban needs differ substantially between countries and cities. Urban deprivation more concentrated in EU-15 • Urban opportunities in all MS, but investment needed to remove obstacles to development 31 Thank you for your attention Questions? 32