Taking your ideas and
making them permanent…..
Drafting is the
Language of
Technology 3.40 BTS
There are just a few different kinds
of drawings to learn about.
Lets learn
about Drafting!
Leonardo Da Vinci
(1452-1519)
Artist
Scientist
Inventor
Philosopher
Leonardo
Da Vinci
Technology
Innovator
Quite possibly, Leonardo
was the most brilliant
creator of technology
the world has ever
known!
A glider.
One of Leonardo’s flight ideas
Leonardo made extensive
drawings of his ideas.
His drawings and the drawings of
others helped standardize the way
in which drawings are made.
Let’s look at some drawings types
and the names of these different
drawings.
Drawings fall into just a few
different groups. The most
common drawings are named:
Multi-view
(Mull-tie v-you)
The Sketch
Sketches are
the first step in
making
accurate
drawings of
ideas.
They can be
done quickly
and with a
minimum of
drafting tools.
The Sketch
Here is a
sketch by
Leonardo .
Can you
guess what
he is thinking
about?
Isometric Drawings
Isometric drawings are ones
that use the idea that the corner
of the item rests on the paper
and the sides project back at 30
degrees from horizontal
This is a
famous
drawing by
an Artist
named
Escher.
(Es-sherr)
Follow the
water’s path!
This is an
example of
an Isometric
Drawing
Surfaces go
back in
space from
the corners.
Look at the
horizontal
line above
the corner.
The lines
which draw
the walls
project back
from that
point.
Look at the
isometric
way this
drawing is
constructed.
This
complicated
drawing is really
quite easy to
draw!
Lets draw a simple
Isometric box.
Start with a vertical line. It
represents the corner of the box
that is closest to you in space.
A Simple Isometric box.
Using the 30-60-90 triangle, draw
lines back in space.
A Simple Isometric box.
Using the 30-60-90 triangle, Now
draw back the tops of the sides
A Simple Isometric box.
Now draw the ends of the left and
right front panels
A Simple Isometric box.
Now close the top.
Erase the extra part of
the lines….
A completed, simple
Isometric box.
Three sides can
be viewed at the
same time in…
Top
This Leonardo crossbow
is drawn in the oblique
style
The size of the
man on the right
gives this
drawing a sense
of scale.
Oblique
Drawings...
are drawn as if
one side of the
item is flat on
the paper and
the depth is
shown by
projecting lines
back at a 45
degree angle.
An Oblique
Drawing
A Horizontal
Line
An Oblique
Drawing
One surface
is drawn flat
on the paper.
In this case
it is the rear
end of the
crossbow
Oblique (Oh-Bleek)
Drawings
Here is a drawing of front surface
of a block.
It is drawn as if it is flat on the
paper.
Oblique Drawings
Lines which show the depth of
the item extend back at a 45
degree angle.
Oblique Drawings
Add the lines which show the
end of the surfaces
Completed Oblique
Drawing
Leonardo is still at it….
He is putting his ideas into drawings.
What is the
subject of this
drawing ?
This is a Multi-view or Orthographic
Drawing
Top view
and front view of a Bridge
Can you
spot the
top
view of
the boat?
Can you see the boat
under the bridge?
This is a multi-view Drawing. It is also
known as an Orthographic drawing.
It shows two different
views of the same thing
on the same drawing.
The different views in orthographic
drawings have common sense names.
Top View
Front View
The other views in orthographic
drawings are called:
Top View
Left Side
View
Right Side
View
Bottom
View
And the Back
View!
Front View
Lets make a multi-view drawing of the
letter “T” (for technology)
Multi-view drawings commonly consist
of the front and right side. More
complicated drawings include more
drawings.
Front/top and right side drawings are
common also.
A common view to do first is the “front”
view.
Here is the front view of our “T”
Project lines to the right. We will
use these to draw the Right View.
1
The right side view shows what the
T looks like from the right side of
the letter.
The right side view is
rotated 90 degrees from
the front view.
Now lets show the top
view.
Dashed lines must be added to indicate
hidden features, like the bottom of the T
where the bottom joins the top.
The top view shows
what the T looks like
from the top of the letter.
The three views in this
Orthographic Projection:
Front View
Right View
Top View
This type makes
drawings the way
the human eyes
sees images.
This kind of drawing
is named
“Perspective”.
There are three
types of
perspective
drawings, but we
are only going to
look at 1.
It is called a 1 point perspective.
Perspective Drawings are drawings the
way the eye sees things.
Here is another Leonardo work: The Last Supper.
It is an example of a 1 point perspective.
In 1 point Perspective Drawings…
lines that are parallel in real life cross at 1 location.
Lets look at how One Point Perspectives
can be easily understood.
In the painting, look at the top of the inside room and
top of the hanging tapestries...
Notice that the tops of these tapestries line up
as they go back in space.
If we connect the other tops and the ceiling
corner lines….
They converge (cross) at one point.
This painting is a 1 point perspective.
Perspective
The place where the lines converge
is known as a vanishing point.
Perspective
Lets use the perspective technique to
draw the letter “T”.
We start with the point where the
lines converge, or cross.
This is known as the vanishing point.
We are going to draw a one point
perspective of the letter T.
Perspective
Draw lines which start from the vanishing point.
Perspective
Perspective
Its beginning to look
like something now…
Its all about a little
connecting and erasing!
Perspective
There it is, a
perspective letter T.
Drawing styles that can be used to
draw the letter “T”
1 point perspective
Oblique
Orthographic Projection or
Multi-View
Isometric
Coming up is a drawing activity.
On the “B” size gridded paper,
you are going to select a letter or
number and draw it in each of the
drawing styles.
orthographic
oblique
isometric
perspective
From Leonardo to today:
different drawings help all of us
communicate and understand
ideas.
Remember the
different kind of
drawings and
choose the ones
that best
communicate
your ideas!