Story of Terry & Larry
Oracle vs. Ingres (startup!)
vs. Private Equity …
Organization culture-
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Emotions Were Ignored in OB
 The “myth of rationality”
 Organizations are emotion-free?
 Emotions are disruptive to organizations?
 OB in the past
 focus was solely on the effects of strong negative
emotions that interfered with individual and
organizational efficiency.
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
What Are Emotions?
Affect
A broad range of emotions that
people experience.
Emotions
Moods
Intense feelings that are
directed at someone or
something.
Feelings that tend to be
less intense than
emotions and that lack a
contextual stimulus.
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Reactions
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Individual and
Mutual Influences
Event Attribution
In Emotions Vs. Mood
Emotion Dimensions
 Biology of emotions
Emotions
 Originate in brain’s limbic system
•
•
 Personality
•
 Job Requirements
•
 Frequency and duration of emotions
•
 How often emotions are exhibited
•
 Intensity of emotions
 How long emotions are displayed
 Functions of emotions
 Critical for rational thinking
 Motivate people
Facial Expression
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Anger
Fear
6 Universal Em.
Sadness
Happiness
Disgust
Surprise
• Envy,
Embarrassment,
Hate, Hope, Pride,
Love
Mood as Positive and Negative Affect
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Being Neutral
Perception >
Behavior
Functions of Emotions
 “You are just being emotional! ”
 Mr. Gage
 Accident


Cognitive ability
Loss of Emotions
 Irrational Decisions
Fear Vs. Motivation
Disgust Vs. Health
Anger Vs. Rights
 Other brain injuries
 Computers vs. humans
Good decision making
Thinking & Feeling
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
7
Sources Of Emotions And Moods
 Personality
 Day and Time of the Week
 Weather
 Stress
Personality
 Social Activities
 Sleep
 Exercise
 Age
 Gender
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
• Trait component
• Affect intensity
• How strongly you
experience emotions
Positive Moods are
Highest
• At the End of the
Week
• In the Middle Part
of the Day
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Negative Moods are
Highest
• At the Beginning
of the Week
And, show little
variation throughout
the day
Good time for bad new!
Monday morning?
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
10
 Weather
 Not really!
 Illusory correlation

Associate events with
no connections
 Stress
 Fear vs. Exam
 Social Activities
 Increase positive experience

Reciprocal relationship
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
 Sleep
 Fatigue, anger and hostility
 Decision making,
controlling emotions
 Exercise
 Depressed!
 Limited improvement
 Age
 With age


Negative emotions occurs less
Positive moods stay longer, Negative moods fade quicker
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Gender and Emotions
Women
Men
• Can show greater
emotional expression.
• Experience emotions
more intensely.
• Display emotions more
frequently.
• Are more comfortable in
expressing emotions.
• Are better at reading
others’ emotions.
• Believe that displaying
emotions is inconsistent
with the male image.
• Are innately less able to
read and to identify with
others’ emotions.
• Have less need to seek
social approval by
showing positive
emotions.
Socializing
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
External Constraints on
Emotions
Organizational
Influences
Cultural
Influences
Individual
Emotions
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Emotional Labor
A situation in which an employee expresses
organizationally desired emotions during
interpersonal transactions.
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Funeral
Doctors
Felt versus Displayed Emotions
 Felt Emotions
 An individual’s actual emotions.
 Displayed Emotions
 Emotions that are organizationally
required and considered
appropriate in a given job.
Emotional Dissonance
 Projection Vs. Feeling
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Surface acting Vs. Deep acting
 Surface acting
 Hiding inner feelings
 Forgoing emotional expression (display)
 Deep acting
 Trying to modify true inner feeling (display rules)
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
17
•Internals (Internal locus of control)
Individuals who believe that they
control what happens to them.
Note: Higher emotional labor = more highly paid jobs (with high
cognitive requirements)
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Affective Events Theory (AET)
 Emotions are negative or positive responses
to a work environment event.
 Personality and mood determine the intensity of
Hassles
Uplifting
the emotional response.
 Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and
job satisfaction variables.
 Implications of the theory
 Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles.
 Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction.
 Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and
performance.
 Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and
reduce job performance.
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Affective Events Theory (AET)
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Emotional Intelligence
 Self-awareness (know how you feel)
 Self-management (manage your emotions and
impulses)
 Self-motivation (can motivate yourself & persist)
 Empathy (sense & understand what others feel)
 Social Skills (can handle the emotions of others)
Research Findings: High EI scores, not high
IQ scores, characterize high performers.
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
OB Applications of Emotions
 Emotions and Selection
 Emotions affect employee effectiveness
 Social Interaction
 Decision Making
 Emotions are an important part of the decisionmaking process in organizations.
 Best solution
 Creativity
 Positive mood increases creativity
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
OB Applications of Emotions …
 Motivation
 Emotional commitment to work and high motivation
are strongly linked.
 Leadership
 Emotions are important to acceptance of messages
from organizational leaders.
 Interpersonal Conflict
 Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions
are strongly intertwined.
 Negotiation
 Emotions can impair negotiations.
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
OB Applications of Emotions …
 Customer Services
 Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers
which, in turn, affects customer relationships.
 Job Attitudes
 Can carry over to home
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
OB Applications of Emotions …
 Deviant Workplace Behaviors
 Negative emotions lead to employee deviance
(actions that violate norms and threaten the
organization).




Productivity failures
Property theft and destruction
Political actions
Personal aggression
 Envy
 Better work, larger office, …
 Hostility, backstabbing
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and
Moods
 Abdur Rahim has a high need for achievement and
likes to come to work and focus on her job only. If
you were Abdur Rahim ’s manager, how could you
get him to feel more emotion at work? Would you
want him to? Why or why not?
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and
Moods
 Sabrina comes to class and sits quietly looking
content and relaxed. The teacher is guessing that
Sabrina is
Low on negative affect
High on positive affect
High on negative affect
Low on positive affect
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU
Chapter Check-Up: Emotions and
Moods
 Do you think there could be emotional and mood
implications for telecommuting? If yes, how so?
Discuss.
 Hint: Consider this woman!
 Why might she NOT always feel
this way?
Adeyl Khan, Faculty, BBA, NSU