SOCIAL CLUB OF PEOPLE’S EMPOWERMENT-SCOPE
Understanding Development NGOs
ZAFAR IQBAL
Zi_agr@yahoo.com
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History of Social Development
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Pre-partition of the sub-continent, Mr. FL Brane initiated “DEHAT
SODHAR” program in India.
After the independence, “Village Agriculture & Industrial
Development Program was introduced in Pakistan in 1953.
By late 60s Comilla project of rural development in Bangladesh (The
East Pakistan) was the first initiative of decentralization strategy.
In 1970 the Govt. of that time started two integrated rural
development project Daudzai of NWFP and Shadab of Punjab
Daudzai was on the lines of Comilla approach.
Integrated Rural Development Program (1972 –1978)
Rural Development Program (1978-88)
In 1981, the concept of formal formers organizational was introduced
in the irrigated agriculture through a piece of legislation known as the
water users Association. Ordinance 1981, in all the form provinces
which relieved funds for renovation of water covers from the
provincial Government and the maintenance was carried out by the
WUA.
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History of Social Development
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In 1982, Aga Khan Rural Support Program started in the
Northern Area of Pakistan as first NGP initiatives. It also tried
the idea of organizing small farmers with a broad bases
village organization for multi sectoral activities. The
organization were involved in the identification,
implementation and maintenance of income generating
activities and were expected to be developed into sustainable
village development institutions. The program was
successfully demonstrated and is now being replicated by
government supported NGOs and many bi-lateral program
through out the country. Today people organization is an
integral component of many development program in
Pakistan and participation development is practiced both by
the Government and Non-Government Organization.
Change in Approaches to Rural Development (1988)
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NGDOs
(Models of Participatory Development)
Participation
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Participation is defined as a voluntary process by
which people including the dis-advantaged,
influence or control the decisions that affect them.
There is no ideal level of participation. It varies from
time to time and based on interest and needs.
Information sharing decision making, consultation
and self initiated actions are the different levels of
participation.
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From Situational Analysis to the Solution and
evaluation
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Why participation
There are four major objectives to which people
participation contributes
Effectiveness:
It is the degree between what people want and a
project can offer. Stakeholder ownership and control of
the project ensure effectiveness of project.
Economy:
Most of the activities or either un-economical or
impossible for an implementing agency with out
peoples participation such as maintenance of
development activities.
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Why participation ---2
Equity:
The benefits of a development program always tend to be
captured by the influential. The beneficiaries participation
promotes transparency and accountability in the system and
the reduces the channels of capturing and hijacking and
ensure equitable distribution of benefits.
Empowerment:
Acquiring leadership, sharing of power control, resources and
capacity building of individuals groups to take hold of their
own development is the empowerment under the concept of
development administration.
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Principals of Participatory
Development
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The Primacy of People
Ownership
Peoples knowledge and skills must be seen as potentially
positive contribution
People participation must empower women
Autonomy as oppose to control
Local actions as oppose to local response
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Outcomes of Participatory
Development
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Reduced cost and increased efficiency
Economies of scale
Higher Productivity
Building of Community Organizations
Sustainability
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NGDOs
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Community based organizations – CBO
Civil Society Organization
Rural Support Programs – RSPs
Capacity building Organizations
Support Organizations
Advocacy Organization
Policy Research Institutes
International Organizations – INGOS
Donors
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Thanks
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