SLO
• (1) Students will be able to understand the final
battles of WWI and the conclusion of the war.
• (2) Students will be able to understand the
consequences of WWI, especially President
Wilson's 14 Points and the Treaty of Versailles.
“Crisis in the Balkans”
• (1) “Sick Man
of Europe”
• (2) Nationalism in the
Balkans (National self
determination)
Nationalist Movements
- 1804 - 15, Serbian Revolution
- 1821 - 29, Greek War of Independence
- 1878, Serbia becomes independent
- 1903 - 08, Macedonia becomes
independent
- 1908, Bulgaria becomes independent
- 1912, Albania becomes independent
U.S. Anti-German War Propaganda
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- Germany
makes
tremendous
territorial gains
- Russia is out of
the war
German Spring Offensive, 1918
• Last attempt to defeat the Allies before American contributions
** What was the
major consequence?
Allies Hundred Day Offensive
• Aug. 8 to Nov. 11, last stage of the war
** Why
was this so
effective?
American Contributions to WWI
(1) Supplies, more than $7 Billion to Allied cause
** American troops and supplies were, by this time, pouring
into Western Europe for the Allies. The Hundred Days
Offensive drove the Germans out of France, and the Central
Powers thus collapsed.
(2) Contain German offensive, and push back and then
break German lines
(3) Help Allies win the war and avoid defeat
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
- 1st 5
points:
- #6 #13
points:
- #14
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World
• The Big Four
–
–
–
–
David Lloyd George
Georges Clemenceau
Vittorio Orlando
Woodrow Wilson
• Reparations & “War
Guilt”
• Wilson’s 14 Points
• League of Nations
• “Trusteeship”
Orlando, Lord George, Clemenceau, and Wilson in
Wilson’s study in Paris
Peace Conference
Paris 1919: Six Months that Changed the World
• Enthusiastic
response …
• Allies wanted to
punish Germany!!
• Tremendous
consequences for
Germany (list
these) …
Consequences of Treaty
• (1) Completely changes the map of Europe
Consequences of Treaty
Consequences of Treaty
• (2) Completely changes the map of Middle East,
Mandate System
Consequences of Treaty
• (3) Severe punishment of Germany: including,
war guilt clause & war reparations
"The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany
accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for
causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and
Associated Governments …”
• (4) Allied Powers take over German colonies
Consequences of WWI
• (1) Creates conditions for future wars … In
Europe
(Germany war guilt, reparations, loss of colonies & land, and disbanding
military) …
In Middle East (promises to many ethnic groups)
• (2) End of four empires (Germany, Russia, Ottoman Empire, and
Austria-Hungary)
• (3) Completely new maps in Europe and the Middle
East (Nine new nations in Europe & Mandate System)
• (5) Tremendous loss of life, more than 17 million
deaths (Military and civilians)
• (6) Expands power of governments over Economies
• (7) Economic prosperity for the United States
U.S. Rejects Treaty
• Senate has to ratify
treaties
• Mistakes by
President Wilson …
• Reasons why did not
join …