DIGITAL GRAPHICS &
ANIMATION
Complete LESSON 1
Creating Graphics
LESSON 1
Introduction
Graphics are building blocks for
developing exciting and informative
multimedia documents, presentations, and
publications.
 They are the images you use to enhance
the work you do on your computer and
include drawing, photographs, cartoons,
charts and maps

A. Understanding Vector and Bitmap Graphics
 Two
basic types of graphics used
in computer applications:
 Vector
Graphics
 Bitmap Graphics
A. Understanding Vector and Bitmap Graphics
Vector graphics consist of lines and
curves – called vector paths – that are
defined by mathematical objects called
vectors.
 Vector files are usually smaller than
bitmap files because they consist of a
series of mathematical formulas rather
than many pixels, so they are easier to
store and incorporate in other
applications.

A. Understanding Vector and Bitmap Graphics
 The
images also retain their original
definition and perspective when
resized, so they can be displayed at
different resolutions without losing
quality.
 This is useful if you need to show the
same image on different monitors,
such as when different user’s use the
same web page.
A. Understanding Vector and Bitmap Graphics



Bitmaps, which are sometimes called raster
images, use colored dots – called pixels –
arranged in a grid to define the image.
Each pixel has a specific location and color that,
when combined with the other pixels, create the
image.
Bitmaps tend to lose definition as they are
resized, because the individual dots become
visible. Usually, photographs and clip art
graphics are bitmaps.
B. Create, Save an Close Graphics Files
Before you begin working with graphics,
you must learn how to create and save a
graphics file.
 Some graphics programs start with a new
blank file already open.
 In that case you can simply begin using
the available tools to create a picture.

B. Create, Save an Close Graphics Files

Some programs automatically create the
file using the default size, color and
resolution settings for the drawing area,
but other programs display a dialog box
where you can select the settings you
want to use.


Default settings are the standard options
already selected in the program.
Resolution is the quality or sharpness of an
image, usually measured in pixels per inch or
one centimeter.
B. Create, Save an Close Graphics Files



Pixels, short for picture elements, are dots
used to define some images on a computer
screen.
The drawing area is the area within the
document window where you draw and edit
the image. Some programs call this area the
canvas or the stage.
You may change the settings when you
first create the file or at any time.
B. Create, Save an Close Graphics Files
Most graphics programs let you have more
than one file open at a time, although only
one can be active. The active file is the
one in which you are currently working
 Use the Save As command on the File
menu to save graphics files for the first
time. When you save a file for the first
time, you give it a name and select a
storage location.

B. Create, Save an Close Graphics Files
When you have finished using a graphics
file, you should close it.
 You can close a file by using the close
command on the file menu, or by clicking
the document close button on the
document’s title bar.
 After you close a file, the graphics
program remains open so that you can
continue using it.

C. Open an Existing Graphics File
To work again with a file you have closed,
you must open it in your graphics
program.
 You can use the open button on the main
or standard toolbar or the open command
from the file menu to display the open
dialog box.

D. Use Drawing Tools
To create a vector drawing in a graphics
program, you use drawing tools to insert
objects in the window.
 In general, an object is any element, such
as a shape or line.
 The drawing tools are a collections of
buttons from which you select the specific
type and style of object you want to
create.

D. Use Drawing Tools


Although some tools vary from program to
program, most programs offer a set of tools for
drawing basic shapes such as rectangles, ovals,
and lines; for drawing freehand objects; and for
creating different polygons.
Tools are usually available on a toolbar, in a
toolbox, or in a tools panel along the edge of the
program window, and are often grouped
according to function.
D. Use Drawing Tools
For example, one group may be used for
drawing basic shapes, another for
modifying existing shapes, and another ay
be for selecting existing shapes.
 To use the drawing tool, click on it to
select it. The mouse pointer changes to a
crosshair.

D. Use Drawing Tools
Hold down the mouse button and drag in
the document window to create the shape.
 Hold down the shift key while dragging in
order to constrain the shape.




For example: use it with the Ellipse or Oval
tool to draw a perfect circle.
Use it with the rectangle tool to draw a perfect
square.
Use it with the line tool to draw lines at 45degree angles
D. Use Drawing Tools

The shape is inserted in the drawing using
the current stroke and fill sections.




The stroke is the line used to draw a shape.
The fill is the area inside a shape.
In addition, small rectangles called selection
handles are displayed around the shape.
These handles indicate that the shape is selected,
and you can drag one to resize the shape.
D. Use Drawing Tools

By default in most programs, shapes are
placed on the same layer in the image.


A layer is a transparent plane used to
separate objects in a file.
In some programs, such as Adobe
Photoshop, new shapes are placed on
separate layers. To select an object, you
must first select its layer in the layers
panel.
D. Use Drawing Tools
COMMON DRAWING TOOLS
TOOL NAME
1 LINE TOOL
2 ELLIPSE OR OVAL TOOL
3 RECTANGLE TOOL
4 ROUNDED RECTANGLE TOOL
5 POLYGON TOOL
6 PENCIL TOOL
7 PEN TOL
8 BRUSH TOOL
9 ERASER TOOL
10 TEXT TOOL
11 POINTER, OR SELECTION TOOL
DESCRIPTION
Use to daw striaght lines
Use to draw ovals and circles
Use to draw rectangles and squares
Use to draw rectangles and squares wth rounded corners
Use to draw multisided shapes such as stars and octogons
Use to draw freehand as if using a pencil
Use to draw precise lines and curves by plotting and connecting points
Use to draw as if using a paintbrush
Use to remove objects or parts of objects from drawing
Use to insert text into a drawing
Use to select objects in a drawing
E. Select Vector Objects in a Drawing
The easiest way to select an object is to
use the selection tool. The tool usually
looks like a black pointing arrow, and has
a name such as pointer, path selection, or
selection.
 To select the object, click the selection
tool and then click the object.


If the object is in a different layer, click once
to select the layer, then again to select the
object.
E. Select Vector Objects in a Drawing

When an object is selected, selection handles are
displayed around its edges.
 To select more than one object at a time. Select
the first object, press and hold shift.
 To cancel a selection, click a blank area of the
drawing.
 If you are unhappy with the results of your
drawing efforts, you can use the undo command
to reverse your most recent action, or, in some
programs, a series of actions.
E. Select Vector Objects in a Drawing

Graphics programs usually have other
selection tools designed for specific
purposes, such as the:



marquee tool, which is used for selecting
bitmaps,
subselection or direct selection tool, which is
used for selecting a single object that is part of
a group.
Select behind tool, used to select an object
that has another object overlapping it.
F. Select Stroke and Fill Options
As mentioned earlier, when you draw a
shape, it uses the current stroke and fill
settings or attributes.
 Stroke thickness, which is sometimes
called weight or tip size, is usually
measured in points.
 Some programs have panels, which are
elements similar to dialog boxes that you
can keep open on your screen while you
work.

F. Select Stroke and Fill Options

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Most color palettes are a series of colored boxes that may
be called swatches.
Some have color bars in a particular color scheme, as well
as no color options, buttons for accessing, additional
options, and a text box where you can type the
Hexadecimal codes.
Hexadecimal codes are standard alphanumeric vales used
to identify colors based on the components of red, green
and blue.
In some programs, when you open the color palette the
mouse pointer changes to an eyedropper.
G. Change the View


While you are working in your graphics program,
you may want to change the view to get a
different look at your drawing.
The view is the way your file is displayed on he
screen.



Zooming – adjusts the size of the drawing on the screen
by a percentage of its actual size
Panning – scrolls the drawing area up, down, left, and
right in the document window.
You can also choose to show or hide the elements
you need to accomplish a specific task that can
be found in the view menu
G. Change the View
Commands that control the way a
program is displayed are toggles, which
means they are either on or off. Each
time you select a command, it switches
from on to off, or off to on.
 When a toggle command is on, it usually
has a check mark beside it on the menu.

G. Change the View
When you need to get a closer look at a
drawing, zoom in. Zooming increases or
decreases the magnification of the
drawing on your screen by a percentage
of its original size.
 For example:


Zoom in to 500% to display the drawing five
times its actual size, or zoom out to 50% to
display it at half its actual size
G. Change the View
Pan in the document window to shift the
display so you can see a different part of
the drawing area.
 Panning is useful in large drawings or
when you are zoomed in to a high
magnification.
 In both circumstances, lets you scroll to
move the parts of the drawing that were
outside the document window into the
document window.

H. Modify the Drawing Area & Print
The drawing area, canvas or stage is
created using default settings in size,
resolution, and background color when
you create a file.
 To prepare a hard copy of a drawing, you
use the print command.
 Some programs have a print button on
the main or standard toolbar that you can
click to quickly print the file using the
default settings.

FAST FACTS
You can create new graphics files or open
existing graphics files
 When you save a file, you get a name and
a storage location.
 You should save frequently to avoid losing
work.
 You can draw basic shapes such as ovals,
rectangles, and lines using the drawing
tools.

FAST FACTS




You can change the color or style of strokes and
fills in selecting shapes or before you draw a new
shape.
You can use different view modes to change the
way a file is displayed.
In the view window, you can choose to show or
hide the elements you need to accomplish a
specific task.
You can toggle elements on or off depending on
whether you want them displayed on the screen
FAST FACTS



You can zoom in on an object to get a closer
look, zoom out to get an overall look at the entire
drawing, or pan to shift the display to show areas
outside the document window.
You can modify the size, color, and resolution
settings of the drawing area when you first create
a new file or at any time.
You can print an image to see how it will look on
paper without having to specify the settings all
the time.
FAST FACTS
Commands for showing and hiding panels
are usually found on the view menu.
 Zoom in the document window to shift the
display so you can see a different part of
the drawing

Lesson 1
Daily Grades
Lesson 1
T/F Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Some graphics programs start with a
new file already opened.
Use the Save As command to quickly
save changes to a file.
Shapes are drawn using the current
stroke and fill settings.
The pointer tool is used to select objects
in a drawing.
Undo can reverse only the most recent
action.
Lesson 1
T/F Questions
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Vector graphics files are usually smaller than
bitmap files.
Stroke thickness is usually measured in points.
You can select only one drawing abject at a
time
Zoom out to get a closer look at a particular
part of an image.
You must always specify settings in a print
dialog box before printing a file
Lesson 1
Witten Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are some of the common drawing
tools?
What action might cause a bitmap image
to lose definition?
What shape might the mouse pointer
take when you open a color palette?
How an you tell if a screen element is
toggled on?
If you want to display a drawing at 500
times its actual size, what should the
zoom magnification be set to?
Lesson 1
Fill in the Blank Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Some programs refer to the drawing canvas as
the _____ or stage.
Although more than one file may be open at the
same time, only one can be _____________
Use the ________ drawing tool to draw a
multisided shape.
Hold down the _____ key when using the
Ellipse tool in order to draw a perfect circle.
The small rectangles around the edge o a shape
indicate that the shape is _____
Lesson 1
Fill in the Blank Questions
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
If you are unhappy with the results of your
drawing, click the ____ button.
_____ graphics use pixels to define an image.
_____ in the document window to shift the
display so you can see a different part of the
drawing area.
Commands for showing and hiding panels are
usually found on the _____menu
If you know it, you can type the ______ code
for a particular color into the color palette text
box in order to select that color.
Lesson 1 Vocabulary
Define the following terms
Active
2. Bitmap
3. Default
4. Drawing Area
5. Fill
6. Graphics
7. Hexadecimal code
8. Layer
9. Objects
10. Pan
1.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Panels
Pixels
Points
Resolution
Selection handles
Stroke
Toggle
Vector
View
Zoom