Matter
Mixtures
YES
YES
Can it be
separated?
NO
Is the
composition
uniform?
Homogenous
mixture
sugar in water
Heterogeneous
mixture
blood, chocolate
chip cookie, sand
NO
YES
Compounds
(water, sodium
chloride)
Substances
Can it be
NO
decomposed by
ordinary
chemical means?
Elements
(gold, silver,
carbon)


Extensive- depend on the amount of
matter that is present
 Volume, mass
Intensive- do not depend on the
amount of matter present
 Melting point, boiling point,
density

Physical Property: characteristic that can be
observed or measured without changing the
identity of the substance


Melting point, boiling point
Physical Change: change in a substance that
does not involve a change in the identity of the
substance

Cutting, boiling, grinding, melting, dissolving

Chemical Property: relates to the substance’s
ability to undergo changes that transform into
different substances


Ability of iron to rust when combined with
oxygen in the air
Chemical Change: change in which one or
more substances are converted into different
substances

Burning, combustion, decomposition







Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius
P
Diamonds are capable of cutting glass
P
Water can be separated by electrolysis into
hydrogen and oxygen
C
Sugar is capable of dissolving in water
P
C
Vinegar will react with baking soda
Yeast acts on sugar to form carbon dioxide and
ethanol
C
Wood is flammable
C
Which statement describes a chemical property
of hydrogen gas?
(1) Hydrogen gas burns in air.
(2) Hydrogen gas is colorless.
(3) Hydrogen gas has a density of 0.000 09
g/cm3at STP.
(4) Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of 20. K at
standard pressure.








Filtration
Vaporization
Decanted
Centrifuge (based on density)
Chromatography (based on polarity)
Magnetism
Density

Chemical elements whose stable form at STP
consists of diatomic molecules







Iodine I2
Bromine Br2
Chlorine Cl2
Fluorine F2
Oxygen O2
Nitrogen N2
Hydrogen H2




s= solid
l = liquid
g = gas
aq = aqueous (dissolved in water)




Metals are on left
Non-metals are on right
Transition metals are in the middle
Metalloids or semi-metals on “Boron staircase”











Hydrogen
Helium
Fluorine
Chlorine
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Xenon
Radon
Oxygen
Nitrogen



Bromine
Mercury
All other elements are solids at room
temperature