Compare major events in Alabama from 1781
to 1823, including statehood as part of the
expanding nation, acquisition of land,
settlement, and the Creek War, to those of the
developing nation.
 Alabama
remained loyalist.
 Because Alabama was loyalist, Spain
attacked Mobile and took it over.
 They kept the territory as part of the Treaty
of Paris 1783.
 Spain made Mobile part of Spanish Florida.
 The
land directly above Mobile was
quickly claimed by Georgia.
• Creeks lived there.
 The
Creek Indians gave some land to
Georgia, but later reconsidered there
offer.
• Spain and England are both fighting over the
Creeks loyalty.
 In
Pinckney’s Treaty, between Spain and the
US, the border dispute was settled. (Treaty of
San Lorenzo)
• 31° North Latitude: US gets bulk of land. Spain
 In
gets Mobile.
1798, the Mississippi Territory is made.
 By 1802, Georgia has no claim to Alabama.
 In 1800, Spain gives Louisiana to France.
 In 1803, France sells Louisiana to the US for
$15 million.
• America should get Mobile. Spain disagrees.
 Native
America groups gave up land to US.
• Result: People flood into Alabama.

Before War of 1812: because of tensions between
US and Britain, Native Americans take advantage
of disputes.
• Tecumseh: Native Americans unite against Americans.
• Some Native American groups in Alabama are not
convinced of Tecumseh’s rebellion.
 Creeks divided: Red Stick: fought with Tecumseh; White Stick:
fought with Americans
• With rumors circulating about Britain helping the Native
Americans and starting attacks, Americans were
outraged and took action.
• William Henry Harrison fought Tecumseh at the Battle of
Tippecanoe.
 Tecumseh flees to British held Canada.

During the War of 1812: In 1813, the Red Stick
Creeks launch attacks.
• Red Stick Creeks overrun White Stick Creeks.
• Burnt Corn Creek: US militia fight Red Stick Creeks.
Militia retreats.
• Massacre at Fort Mims: Red Stick Creeks enter fort and
kill several hundred settlers.
• News travels to TN: Andrew Jackson is sent to take care
of Native Americans.
 Jackson sets up Fort Deposit and Fort Strother as supply
forts.
 He fights and wears down the Red Stick Creek.
 Red
Sticks unite and fortify at the strategic
point that is shaped like a horse shoe bend.
 Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Tallapoosa River):
• Jackson takes on the Red Stick Creek. Others wait
back at the river to halt the Red Stick Creek
retreat.
• 800 Red Stick are killed. Less than 50 of Jackson’s
men are killed.
• Victory for Jackson and US.
• Crushed Red Stick Creeks in Alabama.
 Treaty
of Fort Jackson ended the fighting in
Alabama.
• No distinction between friendly or hostile Red
Stick Creek, but force all Creeks to turn over
land in Alabama.
• Result: half of Alabama opens for White
Settlement
 War
of 1812: Allows for US to take Mobile
from the Spanish.
Rich soil, cheap land: Cotton
 1817: Need to split Mississippi territory
because enough people lived there to make it a
state
 By 1818, Alabama had enough people for it to
become a state.
 December 14, 1819: Alabama becomes a slave
state (22nd).
 Central part of Alabama best for growing
cotton: “The Black Belt”
 Native American and Alabamian tensions rise.

 Relocate
Native American groups to
Oklahoma
• Choctaw: Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek: 1st to
give up land
• 1832: Creek: Treaty of Cusseta
• Cherokee: Fought removal in the US Supreme
Court: Jackson refuses to uphold the courts
decision and moves Cherokee.