Honors Chemistry
Reading Guide
8.1 - Chemical Bonds, Lewis Structures and the Octet Rule
1. Define chemical bond and identify/define the three types of chemical bonds?
2. Define Lewis symbol, especially as it relates to valence electrons and give several examples
(Table 8.1).
3. What is the octet rule and how does it relate to valence electrons?
8.2 - Ionic Bonding
1. Explain the relationship between ionization energy and electron affinity in the electron transfer process associated with ionic bonds.
2. Define lattice energy.
3. Relate lattice energy of ionic compounds to their physical properties.

8.3 - Covalent Bonds
1. Define the attractive and repulsive forces in covalent bonds.
2. How are covalent bonds represented by Lewis structures? Give an example.
3. What is the difference between single, double and triple bonds?
4. How does bond length relate to the number of shared electrons (single, double or triple bond, for example)?
8.4 - Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
1. Explain why bond polarity applies to covalent and not ionic compounds. What are non-polar and polar covalent bonds?
2. Define electronegativity as it relates to ionization energy and electron affinity.
3. Relate electronegativity to bond polarity.
4. Define dipole moment.

8.5 - Drawing Lewis Structures- ONLY NEED TO READ THIS SECTION
8.6 - Resonance Structures
1. Briefly, define resonance structures and give one example.
2. Relate resonance structures to the structure of benzene (organic, aromatic compound). c) b) a)
8.7 - Exceptions to the Octet Rule
1. State the three main exceptions to the octet rule and give an example of each.
8.8 - Strengths of covalent bonds
1. How is bond strength determined for covalent compounds?
2. Relate bond enthalpy to chemical stability.
3. How is bond enthalpy applied to determine reaction enthalpy (ΔHrxn)?